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在长期品种试验中,谷物和料玉米的育种进展与农场产量发展相比较

F Laidig¹, T Feike², H Brandes³

¹Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstrasse 23, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. Friedrich.Laidig@uni-hohenheim.de.

TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik

|November 12, 2025

概括

育种的进步提高了谷物玉米的产量,缩小了试验和农场之间的差距. 然而,料玉米产量停滞不前,扩大了差距,表明需要进一步研究.

科学领域:

农业科学农业科学
植物育种植物育种
农业学是一种农业学.

背景情况:

在德国,玉米种植显著增加,由于对生物气体的需求不断增加,玉米成为第二重要的作物.
了解育种进展和产量差距对于优化玉米生产至关重要.

研究的目的:

从1987年到2023年,量化谷物和料玉米的育种进展.
分析品种试验和农场产量之间的产量差距的趋势.
评估育种对玉米质量特征和使用效率 (NUE) 的影响.

主要方法:

利用谷物和料玉米 (1987-2023) 的长期品种试验数据.
应用了带有回归项的混合线性模型来估计时间趋势.
计算了收益率差距,并分析了收益率,质量特征和NUE的趋势.

主要成果:

谷物玉米产量增加了36.3%,产量差距从30.1%缩小到22.6%.
料玉米干物质产量增加了19.9%,但农场产量差距从15.1%扩大到32.1%.
谷物 (35.0%) 和料玉米 (27.2%) 的气利用效率 (NUE) 提高,料玉米的粉产量增加了14.0%.

结论:

谷物玉米的育种进步已经有效地转化为增加农场产量.
料玉米的产量差距仍然很大,而且在不断扩大,因此需要进一步调查促成因素.
虽然NUE和粉产量有所改善,但料质量特征如消化能力和粉含量保持不变.

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