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克服与艾滋病毒相关的真菌菌病的治疗挑战:新的治疗前沿

Omid Nikjeh¹, Seyedehparmis Rejali¹, Kayvan Sasaninia¹

¹College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.

International journal of molecular sciences

|November 13, 2025

概括

本综述综合了关于艾滋病毒和菌共感染的证据,包括结核病 (TB),MAC和麻风. 它强调了宿主导疗法和免疫疗法作为对艾滋病毒感染者治疗这些复杂疾病的有希望的辅助方法.

科学领域:

传染性疾病传染性疾病
免疫学免疫学免疫学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

与艾滋病毒相关的真菌细菌感染,包括结核病 (TB),Mycobacterium avium复合体 (MAC) 和麻风,是艾滋病毒感染者 (PLWH) 致病率和死亡率的主要原因.
结核病占全球艾滋病相关死亡的最高负担,而MAC和麻风症复杂的护理在先进的免疫抑制.
目前的管理策略需要根据药物易感性进行调整,特别是针对多药耐药 (MDR) 和广泛耐药 (XDR) 结核病.

研究的目的:

综合当前关于艾滋病毒-菌共同感染的流行病学,临床特征和管理挑战的证据.
审查对药物敏感和耐药结核病疗法,与抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的药物相互作用,以及免疫复合炎症综合征 (IRIS) 的影响.
突出新型宿主导策略,免疫疗法和治疗性疫苗作为辅助剂,重点关注PLWH的非结核性真菌菌病 (NTM) 和麻风病.

主要方法:

全面的文献综述综合了当前关于艾滋病毒和真菌菌共同感染的证据.
对流行病学数据,临床表现和治疗挑战的分析.
评估既定和新兴的治疗方式,包括宿主导疗法 (HDT),免疫疗法和疫苗.

主要成果:

已建立的第一线抗结核病治疗方案仍然是对药物敏感结核病的参考.
新兴的宿主导策略 (例如,甲福明,维生素D),免疫疗法 (例如,干扰素-γ,IL-7) 和治疗性疫苗显示出转化承诺.
结核病,NTM和麻风病管理在艾滋病毒治疗连续的整合为改善结果提供了机会,特别是使用HDT支持的方法.

结论:

为了有效地管理HIV-菌共同感染,需要根据药物耐药性和ART兼容性进行量身定制的治疗.
宿主导策略,免疫疗法和治疗性疫苗是标准治疗方案的有希望的补充.
需要进一步的研究和实施策略,以优化PLWH中新型方法的使用.

关键词:

艾滋病病毒艾滋病病毒艾滋病病毒这种复杂的菌株是Mycobacterium avium.坚持性坚持性抗逆转录病毒药物治疗药物耐药性耐药性药物耐药性主体导向和辅助疗法.主体导向疗法 - 主体导向疗法免疫复原炎症综合征免疫复原炎症综合征这是一种大麻病,就是麻风病.结核病是一种肺结核病.

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