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在拉丁美洲预防超重的学校干预措施:一个范围审查和政策分析
Analí Morales-Juárez1, Norma Alfaro2, Yvette Fautsch-Macías3
1Research Center of the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City 1188, Guatemala.
Nutrients
|November 13, 2025
概括
在拉丁美洲,以学校为基础的干预措施通过关注营养和体育活动,有效地打击儿童超重. 证据支持政策和计划,但更广泛的实施和可持续性对公共卫生至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 在拉丁美洲,儿童超重和肥胖率正在迅速增加,这对公众健康造成了重大关注.
- 学校为实施与营养,体力活动和食品环境相关的预防性干预提供了一个结构化的环境.
研究的目的:
- 评估学校干预措施在拉丁美洲儿童和青少年中预防超重的有效性.
- 评估现有的区域政策和计划与儿童超重预防的科学证据的协调程度.
主要方法:
- 在拉丁美洲实施的27项基于学校的干预措施的系统审查和分析.
- 对干预设计 (前后),方法 (预防性) 和报告结果的分析.
- 审查国家政策和监管框架在选定的拉丁美洲国家.
主要成果:
- 超过一半 (52%) 的干预报告了积极的影响,特别是那些包含营养素养,体育活动,健康饮食,安全饮用水和健康食品环境的干预报告.
- 有效的干预措施的持续时间不同 (从2个月到2年),并且针对小学学生,家长和教师.
- 几个国家 (阿根廷,智利,哥伦比亚,墨西哥,秘鲁,乌拉圭) 已经建立了基于证据的政策和计划,尽管实施有限.
结论:
- 在拉丁美洲,以学校为基础的干预措施在预防儿童超重方面是有效的,其中的关键组成部分包括营养教育和促进体育活动.
- 虽然一些国家有支持性政策,但更广泛的实施和确保计划的可持续性对于长期影响至关重要.
- 政策制定者必须优先考虑基于证据的战略,以指导该地区儿童超重预防工作.
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