不稳定训练对运动员平衡和跳跃表现的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Xiaohan Yin1,2, Qinyan Wu1, Xinyao Zhao1
1Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Physiological reports
|November 13, 2025
概括
不稳定训练显著提高了运动员的平衡,改善了像单腿站立测试这样的测试. 然而,它对跳跃表现的影响,例如垂直跳跃,是适度的,并且对所有跳跃类型都不显著.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 平衡和跳跃表现对于运动成功至关重要.
- 不稳定训练已被提出作为一种方法来增强这些物理属性.
- 之前的研究对不稳定训练的有效性产生了不同的结果.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估不稳定训练对运动员平衡和跳跃表现的影响.
- 综合随机对照试验 (RCT) 的发现,以提供全面的概述.
- 确定不稳定训练对特定平衡和跳跃指标的影响程度.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Cochrane图书馆和科学网上进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包含450名运动员的14项随机对照试验 (RCT) 被纳入了元分析.
- 标准化平均差异 (SMD) 用于量化平衡和跳跃性能的影响大小.
主要成果:
- 不稳定训练在多个测试中显示出平衡性能的显著改善,包括单腿站立测试 (SMD = 0.98),Y平衡测试 (SMD = 0.67),和站立测试 (SMD = 0.63).
- 在垂直跳跃和单腿跳跃表现中观察到适度的改善.
- 对于反运动跳跃,没有发现任何显著的影响.
结论:
- 不稳定训练是改善运动员平衡的有效方法.
- 不稳定训练对提高跳跃性能的影响是有限的,并且特定于任务.
- 进一步的研究可能会探索不稳定训练的最佳方案,以最大限度地提高不同运动技能的益处.
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