病原体在水中持续和生存多长时间? 一个系统的审查
Famous K Sosah1, Alex Odoom1, Isaac Anim-Baidoo1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
Frontiers in microbiology
|November 13, 2025
概括
病原性微生物在水中长时间存在,造成水传播疾病的风险. 温度和生物膜等环境因素显著影响病原体的生存,影响水安全和处理策略.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 水中传播的病原体
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 水是导致水传播疾病的病原体的主要传播途径.
- 病原体在水中的生存能力因环境条件而异.
- 了解病原体的持久性对于水的安全评估和处理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析各种水传播病原体的生存和持久性的定量数据.
- 确定影响不同水源中病原体寿命的关键环境因素.
- 为水安全评估提供信息,并指导处理策略.
主要方法:
- 在主要科学数据库 (PubMed,科学网,Scopus,谷歌学者) 的系统文献搜索.
- 包括1990-2024年的研究,提供不同环境条件下的病原体 (细菌,病毒,寄生虫,真菌) 生存量的定量数据.
- 遵守PRISMA指南和使用Cochrane ROB2工具进行偏差风险评估.
主要成果:
- 分析了58项研究,发现细菌可以存活长达621天 (例如大肠杆菌,沙门氏菌),病毒可以存活长达1095天 (例如腺病毒,诺罗病毒),寄生虫可以存活长达30天 (例如菌,吉亚迪亚).
- 较低的温度,中性至性pH值,生物膜显著提高病原体的生存和持久性.
- 菌,像Candida auris一样,是新兴的病原体,在水中具有显著的生存时间.
结论:
- 病原体在水中表现出长时间的生存,造成持续的风险,并揭示了当前水处理方法的局限性.
- 加强监测,消毒和生物膜管理对于预防水源性疾病至关重要.
- 全球需要预测建模和明智的公共卫生政策.
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