在放射病例中基于GPT的差异诊断精度的系统审查和元分析:2023-2025年
Daniel Nguyen1, Isaac Bronson1, Ryan Chen1
1University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
Frontiers in radiology
|November 13, 2025
概括
这项研究评估了用于放射学诊断的GPT模型,发现新版本和文本输入的性能更好. 临床病史可以提高准确性,但研究中的方法差异需要谨慎解释.
科学领域:
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 医学成像和诊断 医学成像和诊断
- 在医疗保健中的自然语言处理.
背景情况:
- 生成式预训练变压器 (GPT) 模型在各种医疗应用中显示出前景.
- 在放射学中评估它们的诊断准确性对于临床整合至关重要.
- 需要了解基于输入类型和模型版本的性能变化.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估放射学中不同GPT模型的诊断准确性.
- 通过文本和视觉输入方式来比较性能.
- 分析模型版本和临床背景对差异诊断的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个系统的审查和对来自PubMed和SCOPUS的639篇文章的元分析.
- 纳入标准侧重于GPT模型在放射病例中的诊断准确性.
- 分析了28项研究,使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度进行偏差,使用曼-惠特尼U测试和通用线性混合效应模型 (GLMM) 进行准确性.
- 诊断准确性被评估为顶部和差异诊断.
主要成果:
- 新的GPT模型 (GPT-4T,GPT-4o) 的性能明显优于旧版本 (GPT-3.5).
- 文本输入比视觉输入 (GPT-4V) 的准确度更高.
- 提供临床病史和使用私人数据提高了诊断准确度.
- 对于高级模型和文本输入,GLMM表示准确度更高,对于视觉和公共数据,准确度更低.
结论:
- 放射学诊断中的GPT模型性能因模型版本,输入方式和数据源而异.
- 新的模型显示了更好的准确性,基于文本的输入优越.
- 高度的方法异质性需要为未来的研究制定标准化的研究方案.
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