联合不平衡适应放射学报告生成
Wang Li1, Guangzeng Han1, Yuexin Wu1
1Department of Computer Science, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
Journal of healthcare informatics research
|November 13, 2025
概括
联合失衡适应 (JIMA) 模型解决了放射学报告生成中的数据失衡问题. 它提高了罕见的医疗术语和异常发现的准确性,从而导致更好的临床报告.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像中的人工智能
- 医疗保健的自然语言处理.
- 机器学习用于临床决策支持
背景情况:
- 放射学报告的生成面临着重要的数据不平衡挑战,医疗代币不频繁,正常发现的流行.
- 现有的方法往往忽略了这些特定的不平衡问题,可能导致在生成准确的临床报告方面表现不佳.
- 解决数据不平衡对于提高自动化放射学报告生成系统的可靠性和临床实用性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个新的模型,联合不平衡适应 (JIMA),以解决放射学报告生成中的代币和标签不平衡.
- 通过减轻对频繁数据模式的过度拟合和对不频繁数据模式的不足来提高报告生成模型的稳定性.
- 改进从放射图像中生成精确和临床相关的描述.
主要方法:
- 开发了联合失衡适应 (JIMA) 模型,专门设计用于利用代币和标签失衡因素.
- 实施了难以轻松的学习策略,以引导该模型的重点转向较少的标签和临床代币.
- 通过使用标准评估指标对IU X射线和MIMIC-CXR数据集进行JIMA的性能评估.
主要成果:
- 在基准数据集上的各种评估指标中,JIMA显示了从16.75%到50.50%的显著平均改善.
- 废除研究和人类评估证实,改进来自于在不频繁的令牌和异常的放射性输入上提高性能.
- 该模型成功生成了更具临床准确性的放射学报告,特别是对于代表性不足的数据模式.
结论:
- 联合失衡适应 (JIMA) 模型有效地解决了放射学报告生成中的数据失衡.
- 拟议的不平衡学习策略提供了一个有前途的方向,用于改善对不常见数据的模型性能,从而产生更准确的临床报告.
- JIMA的成功凸显了定制方法在医疗AI应用中处理数据异质性的重要性.
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