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相关概念视频

Neural Circuits01:25

Neural Circuits

Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
Neuronal pools are collections of nerve cells with similar functions and interact through chemical and electrical signals. These pools include both interneurons (the central neural circuit nodes that...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Neurons as Communicators of the Brain01:22

Neurons as Communicators of the Brain

Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
Cell Body
The cell body, also known...

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一个40纳米的3.9mW,200words/Min神经信号处理器在语音解码中用于大脑机器接口.

Tun-Yu Chang, Jeng-Bang Wang, Yu-Hsuan Tsai

    IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems
    |November 13, 2025
    PubMed
    概括

    这项研究引入了用于脑机界面 (BMI) 的新型神经信号处理器,显著提高了语音解码效率和速度. 处理器减少了能源消耗和内存大小,为用户提供更快,更准确的通信.

    科学领域:

    • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
    • 计算机工程 计算机工程
    • 生物医学工程 生物医学工程

    背景情况:

    • 大脑机器接口 (BMI) 技术促进了人类大脑与外部设备之间的直接通信.
    • 实时语音解码是BMI的关键应用程序,使严重运动障碍的人能够进行沟通.

    研究的目的:

    • 开发一种高效的神经信号处理器,用于大脑机器接口中的实时语音解码.
    • 为了优化能源消耗,内存足迹和神经信号处理的处理延迟.

    主要方法:

    • 实现了语音尝试检测,以减少能源消耗和通道要求.
    • 使用稀疏编码和混合精度算术进行重量编码,减少内存大小.
    • 使用计算重新排序,部分总和缓存,并利用处理元件 (PE) 阵列中的输入/重量稀疏性来降低延迟.
    • 在光束搜索引擎中引入了一个近似的top-k选择架构.

    主要成果:

    • 实现了46%的能源消耗降低,并将语音尝试检测的频道从128减少到16个.
    • 通过优化编码和计算,神经网络离芯片内存大小减少了80%,处理延迟减少了55%.
    • PE阵列稀疏性利用降低了95%的延迟,混合精度乘法器减少了27%的面积.
    • 在语音解码方面实现了 16.6% 的电话错误率和 23.5% 的单词错误率.

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  • 展示了200字/分钟的最大通信速度,比最先进的速度快16.7至42.6倍,解码高达125,000个单词.

    • 结论:

    • 拟议的神经信号处理器显著提升了语音解码的实时BMI能力.
    • 在能量,内存和延迟方面的优化使得解码速度和容量前所未有的.
    • 这项技术有望改善语言和运动障碍患者的沟通可访问性.