在基因组缩小的植物质体和其他宿主依赖的菌体中进行因子创新
Federico G Mirkin1, Sam T Mugford1, Vera Thole1
1Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.
PLoS genetics
|November 13, 2025
概括
基因组缩小的细菌称为植物质体,尽管存在进化约束,但它们会进化出各种分泌的效应物. 基因重复和域融合推动了效应器创新,有助于宿主操纵和病原体生存.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 植物病理学 植物病理学
背景情况:
- 植物质体是具有减少基因组的有义务细胞内细菌,面临着像有限的水平基因转移 (HGT) 这样的进化约束.
- 尽管存在这些限制,但植物质体分泌出各种效应蛋白来操纵植物和昆虫宿主,促进感染和传播.
- 在基因组缩小下,植物质体多样化和维持这些因子的机制仍然不太清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究植物质中分泌的效应蛋白的进化和多样性.
- 了解植物质体如何创新和维持效应器功能,尽管严重的基因组减少和有限的HGT.
- 探索植物质效应蛋白的潜在生物技术应用.
主要方法:
- 来自239个植物质基因组的效应体的全基因组分析.
- 确定和表征可谓的植物等离子体效应因子 (PhAME).
- 对针对保存宿主蛋白表面的PhAMEs和推动效应因子多样性的进化机制进行比较分析.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了多种类型的PhAME,其中许多针对的是具有紧折叠的保存宿主蛋白表面.
- 链接宿主蛋白或整合信号通路的架构PhAMEs,在多次演化过程中趋同.
- 诸如基因重复,接口变异,域融合和重复扩张等机制,尽管有限的HGT,但有助于效应者的多样性.
结论:
- 植物质体采用独特的进化策略,包括融合效应器进化和基因组基础的创新,以克服基因组约束.
- 了解效应器进化为植物质生物学,宿主-病原体相互作用以及蛋白质工程的潜在途径提供了洞察力.
更多相关视频
11:30Unravelling the Function of a Bacterial Effector from a Non-cultivable Plant Pathogen Using a Yeast Two-hybrid Screen
Published on: January 20, 2017
12.0K
07:40Identification of Host Pathways Targeted by Bacterial Effector Proteins using Yeast Toxicity and Suppressor Screens
Published on: October 25, 2019
6.4K
相关概念视频
DNA Bacteriophages
773
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
773
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation
6.6K
Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
6.6K
CRISPR and crRNAs
18.7K
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
18.7K
Plasmids
1.1K
Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
1.1K
Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes
434
The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
434
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing
1.6K
The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
1.6K
