在精神病单位管理药物滥用:范围审查
Alexandre Hudon1,2,3,4,5, Jean-Philippe Cloutier-Tanguay6, Joshua Levy1
1Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
Frontiers in psychiatry
|November 14, 2025
概括
在精神病院中吸毒是个挑战. 标准化查,简短干预和减少危害策略有效地管理住院患者的物质使用,改善患者的治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
- 医疗保健管理的管理
背景情况:
- 在精神病医院住院期间吸毒对患者的安全和治疗的连续性构成风险.
- 对于病房工作人员管理单位内物质使用的有限的实践指南.
- 需要有效的策略来解决住院精神病患者的酒精和毒品使用问题.
研究的目的:
- 对同行评审的关于在精神病医院住院病房中检测,管理和应对物质使用的文献进行范围审查.
- 总结报告中用于管理住院患者物质使用的策略的有效性和范围.
主要方法:
- 该审查遵循PRISMA-ScR框架,搜索多个数据库 (PubMed,Embase,PsycINFO,Google Scholar) 直到2025年4月.
- 包括英语和法语语言的实证研究,质量改进报告,政策评估和描述住院干预的范围审查.
- 使用标准化工具进行了数据提取和批判性评估,18项研究符合纳入标准.
主要成果:
- 确定了七个干预领域:查,简短的激励性干预,政策制定,环境/安全措施,减少危害,员工培训和解雇规划.
- 结构化查使检测率翻了一番;简短的干预措施 (如SBIRT,BIMI) 改善了放学后的参与度,并减少了高达18%的再录取.
- 零容忍安全措施的效果不一致,总体证据质量中等,通常来自单个地点的研究.
结论:
- 标准化查,病房适应的简短干预,以患者为中心的政策和降低危害是可行和有效的,用于管理住院患者的物质使用.
- 单靠惩罚性的安全策略是不够的;在多个地点的评估和不同的临床环境中存在研究缺口.
- 需要对非尼古丁物质的综合降低危害以及青少年/法医群体进行进一步的研究.
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