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新生儿疫苗接种和HBV流行:来自伊朗埃斯芬迪亚尔村的证据

Narges Jarrahi¹, Arezou Khosrojerdi¹, Fereshte Osmani¹

¹Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

Iranian journal of microbiology

|November 14, 2025

概括

伊朗国家乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 疫苗接种计划显著降低了埃斯芬迪亚村的HBV流行率. 该疫苗的有效率达到了94.74%,这凸显了普遍免疫接种对控制这一公共卫生挑战的重要性.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
病毒学病毒学
免疫接种计划免疫接种计划

背景情况:

乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 构成了严重的全球健康威胁,特别是在高感染率地区.
伊朗的Esfandiar村的HBV流行率远高于全国平均水平.
评估国家HBV疫苗接种计划的影响对于公共卫生战略至关重要.

研究的目的:

评估伊朗国家HBV疫苗接种计划的有效性.
为了比较HBV表面抗原 (HBsAg) 在接种疫苗的人口与未接种疫苗的人口中的流行率,在Esfandiar村.
在流行地区为控制HBV提供公共卫生干预信息.

主要方法:

在Esfandiar村进行了一项横截面血清流行研究.
使用ELISA分析血清样本以检测HBsAg,HBeAg和HBcAb.
在1993年之前 (未接种疫苗) 和之后 (接种疫苗) 出生的队列之间比较了患病率.

主要成果:

在未接种疫苗的人群中,HBsAg的患病率为22.56%,在接种疫苗的人群中为1.19%,表明疫苗有效率为94.74%.
在接种疫苗的儿童中,54%的儿童具有保护性抗体标位 (>10 mIU/mL).
出生于HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿显示出更高的抗体水平,所有阳性接种疫苗的儿童都出生于同时具有HBsAg和HBeAg阳性的母亲.

结论:

国家HBV疫苗接种计划在降低HBsAg患病率方面非常有效.
全球新生儿免疫接种对于在流行环境中控制HBV至关重要.
诸如乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白 (HBIG) 等策略,用于HBeAg阳性母亲的婴儿,可以增强保护.

关键词:

乙型肝炎 B 型肝炎疫苗接种计划中的疫苗接种.婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿婴儿血清流行病学研究疫苗的有效性疫苗的有效性

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