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上部胃肠内镜中的人工智能:当前证据,实践和未来方向
Ahmed Alemam1, Rezuana Tamanna2, Mohamed Ali3
1General Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, GBR.
Cureus
|November 14, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 通过改善病变检测和诊断来增强上胃肠内镜 (UGIE). 虽然人工智能表现出专家级别的性能,但临床实施需要验证和仔细整合工作流程,以获得更好的患者结果.
科学领域:
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 上部胃肠内镜 (UGIE) 工作流正在随着人工智能集成而发展.
- 计算机辅助检测 (CADe) 和诊断 (CADx) 等人工智能工具旨在提高质量控制和诊断准确性.
- 目前的人工智能应用涵盖各种疾病,包括巴雷特瘤,食道癌,胃癌和Helicobacter pylori评估.
研究的目的:
- 为UGIE审查人工智能的最新进展.
- 讨论AI在关键上部胃肠道应用中的性能.
- 批判性地评估AI临床实施的挑战和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 审查深度学习模型,包括卷积神经网络和强化学习.
- 分析AI在病变检测,入侵深度估计和表征方面的表现.
- 评估AI对图像审查加速和诊断准确性的影响.
主要成果:
- 深度学习模型表现出高灵敏度和特异性,可能与鉴定胃肠病变的专家性能相匹配.
- 人工智能在加速图像审查和改进针对性采样而不是随机活检方面表现有前途.
- 人工智能应用在各种疾病中是有效的,如巴雷特瘤,食道状细胞癌,早期胃癌和H. pylori评估.
结论:
- 人工智能有可能使UGIE标准化,提高诊断信心,改善培训,而不会取代临床判断.
- 成功的临床采用取决于潜在的验证,偏差缓解,工作流集成和适当的培训.
- 人在循环监督,可解释的AI输出和成本有效的部署对于实现AI在患者护理中的好处至关重要.
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