美国法律限制跨性别未成年人的医疗保健:涉及互性和其他个人的法定不一致性
Sara A Mar1, Brian D Earp2, Gnendy Indig3
1The Institute for Health Research & Policy at Whitman-Walker, Washington, DC.
JAMA health forum
|November 14, 2025
概括
禁止跨性别未成年人获得性别确认医疗 (GAMC) 的美国立法包括对跨性别未成年人的类似程序的例外. 这导致基于性别认同和性别特征的医疗保健机会不平等.
科学领域:
- 医疗法 法律 医疗法
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 性别研究是性别研究.
背景情况:
- 自2021年以来,美国越来越多的立法努力旨在禁止跨性别和性别多样性 (TGD) 的未成年人获得性别确认医疗 (GAMC).
- 支持者援引保护免受风险干预的理由,但禁令往往对非TGD未成年人,特别是具有跨性别特征的未成年人豁免了类似程序.
研究的目的:
- 分析美国法律限制GAMC对TGD个人的限制.
- 在这些章程中确定对非TGD未成年人进行的可比程序的例外情况.
主要方法:
- 在美国司法管辖区搜索了从2021年1月1日到2024年12月31日限制GAMC的法规.
- 检查的法规细节:性别的定义,受限制的服务,声明的目的,例外和处罚.
主要成果:
- 限制TGD未成年人的GAMC的立法始终包括对非TGD未成年人的例外.
- 这些例外允许进行干预以"正常化"跨性别特征,在某些情况下,医疗上不必要的程序,如婴儿割礼.
- 章程揭示了TGD与非TGD未成年人规则的不同应用.
结论:
- 立法中的差异表明性别和性别定义与科学理解相冲突.
- 基于性别认同和性别特征的医疗保健法律的不平等应用是显而易见的.
- 卫生政策应确保所有未成年人平等获得护理,而不论性别认同或性别特征.
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