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BALF基因表达概况显示,在COVID-19后持续的ILD中,有纤维化相关的先天免疫激活偏差

Katerina M Antoniou¹, Eirini Vasarmidi¹, Alexandros Galaras^2,3

¹Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pneumonology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.

American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology

|November 14, 2025

概括

长期的COVID幸存者可能会因为免疫系统失衡而患上肺纤维化. 持续性肺损伤与过度活跃的先天免疫和降低的适应性免疫反应有关,与完全康复的人不同.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
肺部病理学肺部病理学
病毒学病毒学

背景情况:

2019年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的幸存者可能会经历长期的肺部并发症,称为肺部连续病.
导致COVID-19后持续性肺损伤和纤维化的精确机制仍然不完全理解.
个人对COVID-19肺部损伤的反应各不相同,有些患者完全康复,而另一些患者有显著的残留损伤.

研究的目的:

研究COVID-19后患有持续性肺病变和已解决的肺病变的患者之间的膜免疫细胞区间的免疫学差异.
确定与COVID-19后肺纤维化发展相关的潜在生物标志物和机制.
为了比较COVID-19后持续性间歇性肺病 (ILD) 的免疫特征,与那些先前患有ILD的患者的免疫特征.

主要方法:

来自通过高分辨率计算机断层扫描 (HRCT) 分类的患者的支气管洗液 (BALF) 细胞的分析发现COVID-19后1年:持续异常 (n=6) 与已消失的病变 (n=13).
包括六名患有先前存在的ILD患者,他们从COVID-19中恢复过来进行比较分析.
BALF细胞的散装RNA转录组学,以评估基因表达模式和通路丰富.

主要成果:

患有COVID-19后持续性ILD的患者表现出丰富的先天性免疫和炎症通路,特别是中性细胞和单细胞化学反应,增加了单细胞样细胞的招募.
在COVID-19后的持续性ILD中观察到SPP1益菌性基因的显著上调表达,类似于其他纤维性肺部疾病.
已解决的COVID-19后ILD患者表现出与适应性免疫反应激活相关的增强基因表达特征,与持久性组形成鲜明对比.

结论:

免疫反应失衡,以延长的先天性免疫激活和抑制的适应性免疫为特征,与COVID-19后持续的ILD和肺纤维化有关.
持续性COVID-19后ILD的基因表达模式,包括低T细胞激活和高益纤维细胞巨细胞激活,类似于COVID-19后先前存在纤维细胞ILD的患者.
这些发现突出了COVID-19肺损伤后的独特免疫轨迹,区分了完全解决和慢性纤维化肺病的发展.

关键词:

呼吸道单细胞/巨细胞支气管支气管支气管洗液细胞免疫系统的调节失调.在COVID-19后的ILD中.亲胚性基因表达的表达.

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