感觉运动功能可能在低重力下从根本上受到限制.
Kassia Love1,2, Tara J Nibhanupudy1,2,3, Marissa J Rosenberg4
1Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|November 14, 2025
概括
人类感觉运动控制性能在低重力下显著恶化,即使适应. 这种损伤与感官信号的减少有关,这对太空任务和月球活动构成风险.
科学领域:
- 太空飞行生理学空间飞行生理学
- 感应运动神经科学 感应运动神经科学
- 人类因素工程 人类因素工程
背景情况:
- 由于引力场的变化,人类在太空飞行期间经历了感觉运动功能的改变.
- 适应变化的重力是已知的,但低重力固有的生理局限性仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 调查人类生理学是否存在适应无法克服的低重力限制.
- 在模拟的低重力环境中评估手动控制性能.
主要方法:
- 一个基于实验室的离心机模拟了低重力 (0.5 Gc).
- 十个健康的受试者执行了一个由操纵杆控制的手动任务来控制椅子倾斜.
- 手动控制的性能在从1.0Gc到0.5Gc的过渡期间和在0.5Gc的适应期间被测量.
主要成果:
- 在过渡到0.5Gc后,手动控制的性能立即下降了69%.
- 性能在18分钟内部分适应,但仍然明显受损 (42%比1.0Gc更差).
- 计算建模表明,适应涉及增加控制收益 (KP).
结论:
- 低重力对闭环传感运动性能施加了根本性的限制,这可能是由于传感受体的信号噪声比率降低.
- 在低重力条件下性能受损可能会增加在月球飞行和行走等任务中的风险.
- 适应机制涉及神经控制策略的调整,但不能完全恢复到1.0 Gc水平的性能.
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