预测心力衰竭的30天和1年的死亡率与保存的喷射分数 (HFpEF)
Ikgyu Shin1, Nilay Bhatt1, Alaa Alashi2
1Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
PloS one
|November 14, 2025
概括
这项研究开发并比较了使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据的机器学习模型,以预测心力衰竭患者的死亡率. 这些模型显示了临床使用的潜力,用于预测HFpEF患者的结果.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 保存喷射分数 (HFpEF) 的心力衰竭占所有心力衰竭病例的一半.
- 对于HFpEF的预测模型,特别是那些使用电子健康记录 (EHR) 数据的预测模型,并不成熟.
- 开发强大的预测模型对于管理HFpEF患者至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发和比较传统和机器学习 (ML) 模型,用于预测HFpEF患者的30天和1年的死亡率.
- 为了提高预测准确度,利用全面的EHR数据.
- 评估EHR衍生模型对HFpEF结果的临床实用性.
主要方法:
- 使用了MIMIC-IV EHR数据 (2008-2019) 对初级HFpEF诊断的患者.
- 使用各种数据预处理技术开发和交叉验证了七个ML模型类 (例如,物流回归,随机森林,XGBoost).
- 通过AUC等指标评估模型性能,并通过SHAP分析确定关键预测因素.
主要成果:
- 这项研究分析了3235例HFpEF住院病例,30天死亡率为6.3%,1年死亡率为29.2%.
- 后勤回归实现了30天死亡率预测的AUC为0.83.
- 随机森林 (AUC 0.79) 和HGBC (AUC 0.78) 在1年死亡率方面表现强,年龄和NT-proBNP作为关键预测因素.
结论:
- 来自EHR的模型可以有效预测HFpEF患者的死亡率.
- 这些模型的性能与基于注册表或试验数据开发的模型可比.
- 这些发现支持基于EHR的HFpEF管理预测模型的潜在临床实施.
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