疾病进展的基准参数模型用于早期检测认知衰退
Carlos Platero1, Jorge Bengoa2
1Health Science Technology Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería y Diseño Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine
|November 14, 2025
概括
参数性疾病进展模型 (DPM) 通过神经心理测试有效地检测早期阿尔茨海默病的认知衰退. 莱斯皮显示出卓越的诊断准确性和预后性能,有助于临床决策.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 构成了重大挑战,需要早期发现和表征认知衰退.
- 疾病进展模型 (DPM) 为理解和预测神经退行性疾病的发展轨迹提供了一种定量方法.
- 神经心理标志物对于评估认知功能和识别早期障碍迹象至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估参数DPM的诊断和预后能力,用于早期发现阿尔茨海默病.
- 确定神经心理标记的最佳组合,以构建有效的DPM.
- 在早期检测任务中对三个不同的参数DPM框架 (Leaspy,RPDPM,GRACE) 的性能进行基准测试.
主要方法:
- 对1163名认知不受损 (CU) 或轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 参与者的纵向神经心理数据的分析.
- 使用精选的神经心理标记子集对三种DPM框架 (Leaspy,RPDPM,GRACE) 的培训和评估.
- 通过诊断准确度 (AUC),转换时间估计 (MAE,皮尔森相关性) 和对缺失数据的稳定性来评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 莱斯皮获得了最高的诊断准确性 (AUC=0.96) 和与观察到的转化时间 (r=0.78) 的强相关性.
- RPDPM对丢失的数据表现出卓越的稳定性,在高达40%的数据丢失的情况下保持准确性.
- 一组紧的标记物 (CDRSB,ADAS13,MMSE) 证明足以进行可靠的DPM训练;Leaspy在预测5年MCI转换方面表现出色.
结论:
- 使用神经心理学措施的参数DPM可以有效地支持早期AD检测和预后.
- 莱斯皮显示出最好的整体性能,而RPDPM则提供了对缺失数据的更大的弹性.
- 这些模型促进了个性化的疾病时间表,帮助临床决策,患者分层和可重现的研究.
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