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相关概念视频

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis00:58

Recycling Endosomes and Transcytosis

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The recycling endosome, also known as the endosomal recycling compartment (ERC), is a part of the slow-recycling process of the endocytic pathway. Molecules internalized through receptor-mediated endocytosis are either degraded in the lysosomes or are recycled to the plasma membrane through the fast- or slow-recycling route.
The recycling endosome is not a single organelle but an extensively tubulated network of recycling pathways. It functions in storing molecules or transporting them across...
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ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

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In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
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Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER01:32

Export of Misfolded Proteins out of the ER

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After folding, the ER assesses the quality of secretory and membrane proteins. The correctly folded proteins are cleared by the calnexin cycle for transport to their final destination, while misfolded proteins are held back in the ER lumen. The ER chaperones attempt to unfold and refold the misfolded proteins but sometimes fail to achieve the correct native conformation. Such terminally misfolded proteins are then exported to the cytosol by ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathway for...
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The Endoplasmic Reticulum01:43

The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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The endoplasmic reticulum or ER makes up for more than half of the membranes in a cell and accounts for 10% of total cell volume. It is also the primary protein and lipid synthesis factory for most cell organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane. Despite being the most extensive and functionally complex subcellular organelle, ER was the last to be discovered. After years of deliberation, Keith Porter and George Palade in the year 1954,...
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Maturation of Endosomes01:28

Maturation of Endosomes

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The early endosome containing internalized molecules matures through transformations in its location, morphology, intraluminal pH, and membrane protein composition. Together, these changes result in a more acidic late endosome that contains multiple intraluminal vesicles; therefore, the late endosome is also called a multivesicular body (MVB).
Changes in location
The maturing endosome moves along microtubules from the periphery of the cell towards the perinuclear region. This movement of the...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
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Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

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双内膜回收通路并行运行,以支持突触维护和可塑性.

Garrett D Chavis1, Pilar Rivero-Ríos2, Tunahan Uygun2

  • 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Molecular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Neuroscience
|November 14, 2025
PubMed
概括

在神经元中,SNX17-Retriever和SNX27-Retromer通路维持激发性突触. 这两种途径对于突触可塑性至关重要,在突触维护和功能中具有平行作用.

关键词:
内细胞贩运是指内细胞贩运.蛋白质回收利用的方法收回者可以收回.复原蛋白是复原体中的一个.在SNX17上.在SNX27SNX27中使用.突触突触是一个突触突触.突触性可塑性 突触性可塑性

更多相关视频

An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

Published on: March 31, 2014

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons
07:30

Measuring Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Published on: September 4, 2017

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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins
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An Optical Assay for Synaptic Vesicle Recycling in Cultured Neurons Overexpressing Presynaptic Proteins

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Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities
08:10

Examination of Synaptic Vesicle Recycling Using FM Dyes During Evoked, Spontaneous, and Miniature Synaptic Activities

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • SNX27-Retromer和SNX17-Retriever复合体对于回收细胞组件至关重要.
  • 它们在神经元突触维护和可塑性方面的特定作用在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 研究神经元中SNX17-Retriever和SNX27-Retromer通路的不同和重叠的功能.
  • 确定这些通路对激发性突触维护和可塑性的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 在发育中的大鼠中SNX17和SNX27通路的体内破坏.
  • 在CA1金字塔神经元中激发性突触损失的分析.
  • 使用培养的海马神经元进行实验,以研究途径本地化和功能.
  • 评估突触可塑性,包括LTP,LTD和恒常突触缩放.

主要成果:

  • 无论是SNX17-Retriever还是SNX27-Retromer通路的破坏,都会导致体内和体外激发性突触的显著损失.
  • 在早期内基因组中,SNX17和SNX27显示出与Retriever/Retromer的突出局部化.
  • 这两种途径的联合干扰导致激发性突触的增加性损失,表明并行功能.
  • 发现特定的货物是每个通道独有的.
  • 这两种途径对于各种形式的突触可塑性至关重要,包括LTP,LTD和同居突触缩放.

结论:

  • SNX17-Retriever和SNX27-Retromer通路并行运行,以维持神经元中的刺激突触.
  • 这些通路在调节突触可塑性方面发挥着至关重要的,非冗余的作用.
  • 这些通路的联合作用对于持久的突触可塑性至关重要.