从头发轴核DNA进行个体识别和亲属测试:利用短安普利康战略和生物信息学模型
Ran Li1,2, Nana Wang1, Shuangya Dai3
1Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
International journal of legal medicine
|November 14, 2025
概括
头发轴的法医DNA分析现在可以识别个体并确定亲属关系,克服了来自telogen毛发的部分DNA配置文件的局限性. 较长的头发轴产生更准确的结果,但污染仍然是一个挑战.
科学领域:
- 法医科学 法医科学 法医科学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 头发样本在犯罪现场很常见,但往往会产生来自泰洛根毛发的部分DNA概况,不足以可靠地识别或亲属测试.
- 现有的方法与通常从头发轴中恢复的DNA的低数量和质量作斗争.
研究的目的:
- 评估从头发轴中使用核DNA用于法医人类识别和亲属测试的可行性.
- 评估头发轴长度对基因型准确性和亲属关系分析的影响.
- 开发和验证生物信息学方法来分析从头发轴中降解的DNA.
主要方法:
- 从十个个人的头发根和头发轴的测序,使用一个短的amplicon面板.
- 评估基因型调用和准确度在不同的头发轴长度.
- 应用基于伪haploid基因型的方法来估计亲属系数,并开发用于概率比 (LR) 计算的错误模型.
主要成果:
- 从头发轴的核DNA中成功地恢复了单核酸多态 (SNP),在较长的头发轴 (15厘米相比2厘米) 中,准确性显著提高.
- 观察到基因型不一致性 (drop-in,dropout,开关错误),在五个样本中检测到污染.
- 与现有的工具相比,开发的方法在识别相同和相关的个体 (例如,父母-孩子,祖父母-孙子) 中显示出更高的准确性,没有虚假阳性关系.
结论:
- 简短的amplicon策略和拟议的生物信息学方法使人类识别和亲属测试能够使用从头发轴的核DNA进行.
- 较长的头发轴为法医分析提供了更可靠的数据.
- 样品污染是一个重大挑战,需要仔细考虑和缓解策略.
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