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相关概念视频

Frost Action on Concrete01:27

Frost Action on Concrete

Concrete structures in cold climates, such as those along roadsides, can retain moisture. This moisture makes them susceptible to frost-related damage when temperatures fall below freezing. Adding moisture worsens the damage during temperature fluctuations, leading to repeated freezing and thawing. De-icing salts, spread over these structures to melt ice, add to the freeze-thaw cycle, and draw even more moisture into the concrete.
This freeze-thaw cycle primarily causes surface scaling, where...
Frost Resistant Concrete01:29

Frost Resistant Concrete

Concrete's susceptibility to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles demands strategic measures to enhance its frost resistance. Employing techniques like air entrainment, adjusting the water-cement ratio, proper curing, and selecting appropriate aggregates are essential.
Introducing microscopic air bubbles into the concrete mix through air entrainment creates small voids that accommodate ice expansion, thereby reducing internal pressures and preventing cracking. The optimal amount of entrained...
Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
Application of Differentiation to Business01:29

Application of Differentiation to Business

Calculus offers essential techniques for businesses seeking to optimize pricing strategies and revenue. In this case, a bakery wants to determine the ideal price and daily sales volume to maximize revenue. By modeling how changes in price affect demand and revenue, the bakery can apply calculus to make data-driven decisions.The demand function relates the price per cupcake to the number of cupcakes sold and captures how lower prices increase sales. Based on market data, the demand function can...
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...
Methods of Medium Optimization01:28

Methods of Medium Optimization

Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...

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Substantiating Appropriate Motion Capture Techniques for the Assessment of Nordic Walking Gait and Posture in Older Adults
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优化以年龄为基础的向在冰鞋分销计划中,以预防冬季秋季伤害:一个成本效益建模研究.

Carl Bonander1,2, Johanna Gustavsson3, Ulf Strömberg4

  • 1School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. carl.bonander@gu.se.

Injury epidemiology
|November 14, 2025
PubMed
概括

向55岁及以上的成年人分发冰棒比通用计划更具成本效益. 将资格范围扩大到中年成年人可以进一步改善公共卫生结果并减少摔倒伤害.

关键词:
防滑装置是一种防滑装置.经济评估 经济评价跌倒伤害 跌倒伤害预防伤害的预防.有刺的鞋子是有刺的鞋.有针对性的干预.

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科学领域:

  • 公共卫生 公共卫生
  • 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
  • 伤害预防 预防伤害

背景情况:

  • 在寒冷的气候下,在冰上和雪上摔倒造成的伤害对公众健康构成重大挑战.
  • 冰配送计划存在,但通常仅限于老年人 (≥65岁).
  • 不同的冰分布策略的相对成本效益仍然被低估.

研究的目的:

  • 评估各种基于年龄的冰分布策略的成本效益.
  • 为了确定最佳的年龄门,冰球的资格.
  • 为了比较目标分布与普遍或没有分布.

主要方法:

  • 开发了一个整合当地平均治疗效果和健康信念模型的队列模拟模型.
  • 该模型纳入了特定年龄的伤害风险,合规率,成本和质量调整后生命年 (QALY) 损失.
  • 从社会角度评估成本效益,使用概率敏感性分析.

主要成果:

  • 冰分销的最佳资格门被确定为≥55岁 (可接受范围:42-72).
  • 在特定的条件下 (限制性采购,针对非用户) 可以接受普遍发行,但不太可能是最佳的.
  • 当行为变化是短暂的或仅从医疗保健的角度来看待成本时,没有分配是最好的.

结论:

  • 针对年龄的冰盖分发比普遍提供更具成本效益,更好于不分发.
  • 目前只针对老年人 (≥65) 的计划可能是不理想的.
  • 向中年成年人扩大冰的资格,可以提高社会成本效益,减少跌伤.