在表面沉积物中描述污染和识别重金属来源:基于PMF的评估,对水力压裂过程中产生的水排放产生的环境风险进行评估
Babu Mallesh Dasari1,2,3, Keshav Krishna Aradhi4,5
1CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, (Council of Scientific & Industrial Research), Habsiguda, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
Environmental geochemistry and health
|November 15, 2025
概括
来自石油和天然气钻探的重金属污染对环境和健康构成重大风险. 沉积物中的,和威胁着生态系统和人类健康,特别是儿童,需要采取紧急控制措施.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 地质化学 地质化学
背景情况:
- 石油和天然气钻探,特别是水力压裂,会将重金属释放到环境中.
- 钻探地区的表面沉积物积聚污染物,对生态系统和人类健康构成风险.
- 关于这些特定地区的重金属污染源和相关健康风险的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估石油和天然气钻探活动的表面沉积物中的重金属污染.
- 通过污染指数和来源分配技术,识别重金属污染源.
- 评估与沉积物污染相关的生态和人类健康风险.
主要方法:
- 在沉积物样本中分析重金属.
- 不同污染指数的应用 (Igeo,EF,CF,PLI,PERI,TRI,mHQ).
- 使用正矩阵因子化 (PMF) 和多变量统计的来源分配.
- 对非致癌和致癌影响进行健康风险评估 (HRA).
主要成果:
- 发现了中度至严重的沉积物污染,含有高水平的 (As), (Cr) 和 (Pb).
- 高生态风险被PERI和TRI证实,其中As和Cr是主要的贡献者.
- PMF确定了五个主要来源:地质气候变化,钻井废物,工业废水,水产养殖和农业下水.
- 对于儿童来说,HRA表明了显著的非致癌风险 (HI > 1) 并超过了As和Cr的致癌风险.
结论:
- 石油和天然气活动对周围沉积物中的重金属污染作出了重大贡献.
- 污染对生态和人类健康构成重大风险,特别是对弱势群体.
- 综合评估方法为钻探区的风险评估和管理提供了坚实的框架.
- 迫切需要对碳化合物开采区进行环境监测,监管控制和整治战略.
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