生命早期肠道和口腔微生物群的发展:一个多领域的研究,包括母亲-伴侣-婴儿三位一体
Kotryna Simonyté Sjödin1, Andreas Sjödin2, Patrik Rydén3
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Kotryna.simonyte@umu.se.
BMC microbiology
|November 15, 2025
概括
出生方式显著影响婴儿的肠道和口腔微生物群,阴道分娩与母亲的微生物有关. 由于测序的局限性,父亲的贡献仍然不清楚,这凸显了追踪微生物起源的先进方法的需要.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 婴儿健康 婴儿健康
- 母胎微生物群相互作用
背景情况:
- 早期的微生物殖民对宿主代谢和免疫系统发育至关重要.
- 分娩方式和母乳养是已知的婴儿肠道微生物群的影响因素.
- 父亲微生物暴露在婴儿微生物群建立中的作用在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 研究母亲和父亲微生物对婴儿口腔和便微生物群的影响.
- 检查传递方式对生命早期微生物殖民化的影响.
- 为了分析婴儿微生物群组成,在出生后48小时内和1个月大时.
主要方法:
- 16S rRNA基因扩增序列测序用于分析264名孕妇,261名伴侣和266名婴儿的肠道和口腔微生物群.
- 多样性分析 (α和β) 使用香农指数,布雷-库蒂斯不相似性,PERMANOVA和PERMDISP进行.
- 主要成分分析 (PCA) 和差异丰度测试 (Kruskal-Wallis,Wilcoxon,LDA) 确定了微生物模式和关键分类.
主要成果:
- 在肠道和口腔样本中,成年人表现出比婴儿显著更高的微生物多样性 (α和β).
- 在婴儿中,阴道分娩与乳杆菌crispatus (meconium) 和Blautia_A (口腔抹布) 的丰富有关.
- 阴道标记物 L. crispatus 和与肠道相关的属 Blautia 在婴儿和父母样本中同时出现,这表明在阴道分娩期间可能会发生短暂的播种.
结论:
- 分娩方式是塑造早期婴儿肠道和口腔微生物群的重要因素,阴道分娩与母亲的微生物种群有关.
- 婴儿和父母之间观察到的微生物连续性表明家族微生物交换,但对象特定的贡献尚未确定.
- 有限的测序分辨率需要高分辨率的方法来充分阐明家族内的微生物获取动态.
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