检查歧视在产前护理利用中的作用:使用社会生态模型进行系统审查
Abdul-Manaf Mutaru1, Alexa Parra1, Cynthia Nicole Lebron1
1School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.
Research in nursing & health
|November 16, 2025
概括
歧视严重影响美国少数群体获得产前护理 (PNC) 的机会. 解决结构性,人际和人际歧视是改善母亲和婴儿健康结果的关键.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 健康差异 在健康上的差异
背景情况:
- 及时的产前护理 (PNC) 对母婴健康至关重要.
- 在美国,PNC使用的显著差异仍然存在,特别是在少数民族/种族中.
- 歧视对跨社会和结构背景的PNC利用的影响需要进一步探索.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合各种形式的歧视如何影响美国PNC使用的证据.
- 了解跨社会和结构背景的歧视对PNC访问的多方面的影响.
主要方法:
- 以社会生态模型为指导的系统审查.
- 在PubMed,Web of Science和CINAHL进行的针对美国同行评审研究 (2010-2024) 的搜索.
- 包括11项研究 (5项定性,5项定量,1项混合方法) 在选342个记录后.
主要成果:
- 结构性歧视 (例如,语言障碍,制度政策) 与延迟/不足的PNC相关.
- 人际歧视 (例如,负面的患者-提供者互动,隐性偏见) 阻止了护理参与.
- 内人因素 (例如,内化歧视) 影响了对护理质量和信任的看法.
结论:
- 歧视在多个层面 (结构性,人际关系,人际关系) 运作,影响PNC使用.
- 要解决歧视问题,需要对文化敏感的护理,培训文化谦卑的提供者,以及制度改革.
- 未来的研究应该调查保护因素,如社会支持和弹性,以缓冲歧视的影响.
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