认知衰老:英格兰的性别和生活过程社会阶级差异
Lindsay Richards1, Asri Maharani2, Patrick Präg3
1University of Oxford, Department of Sociology, 42-43 Park End Street, Oxford, OX1 1JD, UK.
Social science & medicine (1982)
|November 16, 2025
概括
认知能力下降在老年人中有所不同. 社会地位,包括性别,出生队列和社会阶级 (自己的和父母),影响认知功能,但效应似乎是附加性的,而不是乘法性的.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降在衰老过程中不均;社会经济地位是危险因素.
- 认知储备和心理社会理论有助于理解认知功能的异质性.
- 交叉性提出,人口统计学因素的结合更好地解释了社会地位和认知模式.
研究的目的:
- 调查人口因素对认知衰老的交叉影响.
- 检查性别,出生队列,自己的社会阶级和父母的社会阶级如何随着时间的推移影响情节性记忆.
- 测试这些因素对认知功能的加法对乘法模型.
主要方法:
- 利用了10个英语长度老化研究 (ELSA) 数据 (2002-2023) 的数据波.
- 使用反复测量情节性记忆的操作化认知衰老.
- 个人异质性和歧视性准确性 (MAIHDA) 建模的多层次分析.
主要成果:
- 女性表现出比男性更好的情节性记忆.
- 观察到一个社会阶级梯度,父母的社会阶级独立地影响认知.
- 多种弱势群体,比如来自低阶层背景的工人阶级女性,表现最差的认知分数.
- 社会阶级的互动比性别或队列的互动更强.
- 然而,差异组件分析表明人口统计学因素的附加效应,而不是乘法效应.
结论:
- 人口统计学因素,如性别,出生队列和社会阶级 (自己的和父母的) 影响认知衰老.
- 虽然某些交叉点显示认知能力较低,但这些因素的整体影响似乎是附加的.
- 研究结果表明,对社会地位在认知性和衰退中的作用有细微的理解是必要的.
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