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关于近视和病态近视的全球观点:从环境驱动因素到精准医学
Chen-Wei Pan1, Xing-Xuan Dong1, Carla Lanca2
1School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Progress in retinal and eye research
|November 16, 2025
概括
全球近视率正在上升,造成公共健康风险. 本综述探讨了环境,遗传和人工智能驱动的近视控制和预防策略,强调公平获得护理.
科学领域:
- 眼科和公共卫生.
- 遗传学和表观遗传学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 全球近视和病态近视 (PM) 患病率的增加带来了重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 近视性黄斑病 (MM) 是一种与高近视相关的主要视力威胁并发症.
- 了解环境,遗传和表观遗传因素的相互作用对于近视管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前关于近视病因的证据,重点关注环境,遗传和表观遗传的影响.
- 探索最近精准医学和治疗干预措施的进展,以控制近视.
- 突出人工智能 (AI) 在风险评估和个性化治疗策略中的作用.
主要方法:
- 关于近视研究的综合文献综述.
- 对近视发展的环境,遗传和表观遗传贡献的分析.
- 评估当前和新兴的治疗方法,包括药理,光学和基于光的干预措施.
- 评估人工智能应用在整合各种数据近视管理中的应用.
主要成果:
- 环境因素与多基因风险和表观遗传变化相互作用,推动近视的进展.
- 低剂量氨酸,脊髓瘤学和红光疗法在近视控制方面表现有前途.
- 通过整合基因组,环境和临床数据,人工智能有助于加强风险评估和个性化治疗.
- 基因编辑技术正在开发中,但尚未适用于近视治疗.
结论:
- 跨学科的合作对于将精准医学与公共卫生策略融合为公平的近视护理至关重要.
- 需要像mHealth和社区计划这样的可扩展解决方案来解决近视干预的全球差异.
- 整合环境措施,遗传洞察力和人工智能创新的战略计划可以减少近视的全球负担.
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