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通过机器学习从多中心初级和中等保健电子健康记录中揭示新的膀癌症关联:一项病例对照研究
Xu Wang1, Andrea Preston2, Jonathan Aning3
1Centre for Health Technology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
Journal of biomedical informatics
|November 16, 2025
概括
这项研究引入了PanSPICE,一种用于分析电子健康记录的新方法,以确定膀癌 (BC) 风险因素. 它揭示了与BC相关的新的临床信号和保护性并发症.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 膀癌 (BC) 的发病率和死亡率正在上升,需要更好的识别方法,而不仅仅是血.
- 电子健康记录 (EHR) 提供了发现BC信号的潜力,但高维数据给传统分析带来了挑战.
- 现有的数据驱动方法与多中心EHR数据集的复杂性作斗争.
研究的目的:
- 开发和应用Parsimony驱动的cCategory-balaNced二进制信号提取器用于初级保健电子健康系统 (PanSPICE),用于新的BC信号发现.
- 分析极高维度,多中心的EHR数据,发现以前未被识别的BC相关的临床特征.
- 使用先进的计算技术,识别膀癌的潜在风险因素和保护性并发症.
主要方法:
- 利用来自威尔士全国数据库的大量数据集 (n=64,884),包括来自初级保健电子健康记录的48,261个特征.
- 采用了PanSPICE,集成信息获取以进行预排名,保留粘度二元粒子群优化 (RSBPSO) 和C5.0分类树以进行高效的特征选择.
- 实施了双层优化策略和定制的健身功能,以平衡模型性能和功能稀疏性,单独分析护理过程,诊断和药物.
主要成果:
- 泛SPICE确定了38个最佳特征,达到0.81的AUC (95% CI:0.80-0.82).
- 关键关联包括尿路感染 (OR=2.19),以及与中风 (OR=0.64) 和痴呆症 (OR=0.25) 的逆关联.
- 性别分层显示,女性与尿液葡萄糖测试 (OR=1.24) 有特定关联,并确定了特定药物对BC风险具有积极 (trimethoprim) 或保护性 (ramipril,prednisolone) 影响.
结论:
- 泛SPICE提供了一种高效的高维电子病历分析方法,揭示了未被认可的BC风险概况和保护因素.
- 性别分层分析对于理解BC关联至关重要,计算方面的进步促进了基于EHR的临床发现.
- 这些发现表明潜在的神经保护途径,需要进一步的机制研究.
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
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