分子测试在甲状腺病理学中的实际和未来作用
1Klinikum Stuttgart, Institute of Pathology, Katharinenhospital, Kriegsbergstr. 60, Stuttgart, D-70174, Germany. m.dettmer@klinikum-stuttgart.de.
Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology
|November 16, 2025
概括
分子诊断通过准确分类不确定的细胞学结果,显著改善了甲状腺结节的管理. 这些先进的测试减少了不必要的手术和指导向治疗,以获得更好的患者结果.
科学领域:
- 内分泌学和分子病理学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 遗传学和基因组学 遗传学和基因组学
背景情况:
- 甲状腺结节很常见,在精细针吸收活检中,有20-30%的结果是不确定的.
- 不确定的细胞学复杂管理,往往导致不必要的诊断手术.
- 分子诊断为评估这些结节提供了一种变革性的方法.
研究的目的:
- 审查甲状腺病理学中的分子诊断的临床实用性,预后影响和未来方向.
- 突出分子测试对管理不确定的甲状腺结节的影响.
- 讨论分子分析在甲状腺癌诊断和治疗中的整合.
主要方法:
- 审查分子测试平台 (例如,Afirma GSC,ThyroSeq v3,ThyroidPrint) 使用基因表达概况,突变分析和microRNA签名.
- 分析诊断性能指标,包括灵敏度,特异性和预测值.
- 检查分子分类范式 (类似BRAF,类似RAS) 和预后标记 (TERT,TP53,基因融合).
主要成果:
- 第三代分子测试显示高灵敏度 (91-100%) 和负预测值 (90-100%).
- 这些测试使得未确定的细胞学患者的外科避开率为50.3-68.6%.
- 分子分析细化诊断,提供预后信息,并有助于选择向疗法 (例如,BRAF/MEK,RET抑制剂).
结论:
- 分子诊断正在彻底改变无限期甲状腺结节的管理,提高诊断精度,减少过度治疗.
- 标准化,可访问性和与多学科护理的整合对于最大限度地发挥分子测试的好处至关重要.
- 未来的方向包括扩展下一代测序,液体活检,人工智能集成和多原子方法.
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