牛犊周长在预测吞透的实用性在 Sarcopenic 老年人: 一个基于费用的研究

Nermin Karakurt1, Emirhan Akyol2, Hakan Gölaç3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. nerminkarakurt@hotmail.com.

Dysphagia
|November 16, 2025
PubMed

本研究探讨了临床和人体测量参数(包括基于超声的吞咽肌测量值)在预测肌少症老年患者临床显著性吞咽渗透中的作用。研究纳入80名年龄≥65岁的成人(50名为肌少症患者,30名为对照组),均来自某大学医院老年科门诊。排除标准包括主要神经系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、头颈部手术或放疗史、晚期器官衰竭、重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)及风湿性疾病。所有受试者均接受全面的老年综合评估,包括衰弱状态(Fried标准)、认知与营养筛查、EAT-10量表评估以及基于超声的肌少症评估。肌少症定义为手握力降低且STAR指数(大腿前部肌肉厚度/BMI)低于本国截断值。通过超声测量与吞咽相关的肌肉厚度(颏舌骨肌、颏舌肌、舌肌)、颏舌骨肌面积及提升幅度。同意接受纤维内镜吞咽功能评估(FEES)的肌少症患者采用渗透-误吸量表(PAS)进行评估;PAS≥3定义为临床显著性渗透。受试者平均年龄为75.86±6.89岁。肌少症个体年龄更大,男性居多,颏舌骨肌和舌肌厚度更小,衰弱评分更高,MMSE评分更低,糖尿病和冠状动脉疾病患病率更高。在肌少症患者中,20%出现显著渗透。这些患者上臂围和小腿围更小,步速更慢,EAT-10评分更高,但在吞咽肌测量值、认知及营养状态方面无显著差异。多变量分析显示,小腿围降低是唯一独立预测因子(OR:0.772,95% CI:0.613–0.972,p=0.027)。以≤32 cm为阈值时,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.733(p=0.025),敏感度为70%,特异度为77.5%。在肌少症老年人群中,小腿围是一项独立、无创的临床显著性吞咽渗透预测指标,在误吸风险筛查中优于基于超声的吞咽肌测量指标。 关键词:肌少症,老年人,吞咽障碍,渗透-误吸,超声检查,小腿围,衰弱,纤维内镜吞咽评估(FEES),PAS,STAR指数

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