一般人口的身体能力的上升和下降:一项47年的纵向研究
Maria Westerståhl1,2, Gustav Jörnåker1, Eva Jansson1,2
1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle
|November 17, 2025
概括
在一般人群中,身体能力在30-40岁后显著下降,反映了精英运动员的趋势. 这种衰退开始很早,并加速,影响生命后期的健康和独立.
科学领域:
- 老年学和运动生理学
- 纵向人类绩效研究研究
背景情况:
- 与年龄相关的骨肌肉和功能下降会影响健康和独立,特别是在50岁以后.
- 精英运动员的数据表明,表现下降开始在35岁之前,暗示一般人群的早期过程.
- 基于人口的纵向研究对于验证这些观察在非运动员中至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在一般人口队列中,研究成年人一生中身体能力的纵向变化.
- 为了确定在精英运动员中观察到的身体衰退模式是否也存在于普通人群中.
- 识别与随时间变化的身体能力变化相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 使用了瑞典人口队列 (SPAF),共有427名参与者 (48%为女性),出生于1958年.
- 从16岁到63岁,对身体能力进行了反复的客观评估.
- 采用线性混合模型来分析身体表现的特定年龄和性别变化.
主要成果:
- 最大有氧能力和肌肉耐力在26-36岁之间达到顶峰,并逐渐下降,随着年龄的增长而加速.
- 肌肉力量早些时候达到峰值 (男性:27岁;女性:19岁),随着寿命的显著变异增加.
- 从高峰期到63岁的整体体力能力下降幅度从30%到48%不等;较高的体力活动和教育与更好的表现有关.
结论:
- 一般人群表现出与精英运动员相似的成年人体能力下降模式.
- 身体能力的下降可能在40岁之前开始,可能导致晚年临床上显著的功能障碍.
- 久坐不动的生活方式加剧了与年龄相关的身体衰退,强调了持续体力活动的重要性.
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