数字心理和精神教育干预措施预防焦虑的有效性:随机对照试验的系统审查和元分析
Cristina García-Huércano1,2, Sonia Conejo-Cerón1,3, Carmela Martínez-Vispo4,5
1https://ror.org/05n3asa33Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA Bionand Platform), Málaga, Spain.
Psychological medicine
|November 17, 2025
概括
数字干预在预防不同人群中的焦虑障碍方面显示出小但显著的效果. 然而,整体证据质量非常低,需要严格的未来研究.
科学领域:
- 心理健康 心理健康
- 数字健康数字健康
- 预防医学 预防医学
背景情况:
- 焦虑症的发病率很高,增加了对可扩展的预防策略的需求.
- 信息和通信技术为广泛预防焦虑提供了潜力.
- 之前没有任何元分析评估过所有人群中对焦虑的纯数字预防干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 评估数字干预措施在预防焦虑障碍方面的有效性.
- 综合来自数字焦虑预防的随机对照试验 (RCT) 的证据.
主要方法:
- 在6个电子数据库 (PubMed,PsycINFO,EMBASE,Web of Science,OpenGrey,CENTRAL) 进行系统搜索,截至2024年12月12日.
- 包括评估心理或心理教育数字干预措施的RCT,以预防非焦虑人群中的焦虑.
- 15项研究的元分析包括了研究 (19项比较;6093名参与者),不包括一个异常研究.
主要成果:
- 发现一个小效应大小 (SMD = -0.32) 在非焦虑和多样化的群体中有利于数字预防干预.
- 敏感性分析证实了研究结果的可靠性;没有发现出版偏差.
- 观察到很高的异质性,指标国家 (荷兰) 的元回归解释了100%的差异. 大多数RCT具有高偏差风险.
结论:
- 数字干预表明对焦虑的预防效果很小,但证据质量非常低.
- 在包含的RCT中存在偏差的高风险和高异质性限制了目前的结论.
- 有必要开发和评估数字预防干预措施,使用严格的方法.
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