高可靠性,低准确性:年轻人和老年人高估了谎言检测性能
Mélanie Fernandes1, Domicele Jonauskaite1, Nizar Michaud1
1Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne.
Psychology and aging
|November 17, 2025
概括
人类的谎言检测能力很差,年轻人和老年人都高估了自己的能力. 年长的成年人表现出更现实的信心,并依赖于更少的线索,但实际的谎言检测性能并没有因年龄而异.
科学领域:
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 人类通常高估了他们检测欺骗的能力.
- 之前的研究集中在年轻人的成年人,留下老年人的谎言检测能力研究不足.
- 与年龄相关的认知和视觉变化可能会影响老年人的谎言检测准确度.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较年轻和老年人的谎言检测性能和偏见.
- 调查自我报告与实际谎言检测准确度的年龄相关差异.
- 检查各年龄段的欺骗检测中的信心水平和依赖特定线索的程度.
主要方法:
- 参与者:221名年轻成年人 (18-36岁) 和109名老年人 (55-91岁).
- 程序:通过真实和欺骗性个人的视频刺激来评估自我报告和实际的谎言检测性能,信心和暗示依赖.
- 措施:包括谎言检测准确度,信心评级和自我报告的暗示使用 (口头与非口头).
主要成果:
- 在年轻人和年长的成年人之间,实际或自我报告的谎言检测性能没有显著差异.
- 与年轻人相比,老年人对自己的判断更有信心,对自己的表现更现实.
- 这两个年龄组都高估了他们的谎言检测能力,并倾向于更多地依赖于非语言线索.
结论:
- 与预测相反,与年龄相关的谎言检测准确度差异并不显著.
- 老年人表现出更现实的自信和暗示依赖模式,尽管整体表现相似.
- 研究结果表明,需要采取干预措施,改善整个生命周期的欺骗检测,考虑到生态有效性和未来研究的利益.
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