在大型城市综合体中分析和优化消防疏散安全性能
Yunhao Jiang1, Gang Liu1, Yulun Du1
1College of Geography and Planning, Chengdu University Of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
PloS one
|November 17, 2025
概括
这项研究开发了一种综合模拟,通过结合火灾传播和人群行为模型来优化大型建筑物中的火灾疏散. 在购物中心案例研究中,优化的策略显著减少了疏散时间,并提高了安全边际.
科学领域:
- 城市消防安全工程
- 优化应急响应 优化应急响应
- 建筑信息建模 (BIM) 是指建筑信息建模.
背景情况:
- 由于复杂的布局和高占用率,大型城市综合体面临复杂的消防安全挑战.
- 现有的疏散策略往往无法解释火灾进展和人类行为之间的动态相互作用.
- 低于最佳的安全评估可能会导致火灾中的伤亡和经济损失增加.
研究的目的:
- 提出一个综合的模拟框架,以优化大规模综合体的消防疏散策略.
- 通过将火灾动态与行人流量建模相结合,提高疏散效率和人员安全.
- 为基于证据的安全管理和疏散规划提供科学基础.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个基于建筑信息建模 (BIM) 的平台来模拟火灾传播和量化关键火灾参数.
- 创建了一个行人疏散模型,整合了人口因素和火灾引起的风险,以实现现实的人群移动模拟.
- 通过比较所需的安全进入时间 (RSET) 和可用的安全进入时间 (ASET) 来评估安全边际,优化策略以减轻已识别的风险.
主要成果:
- 综合框架成功模拟了成都购物中心的火灾场景和疏散动态.
- 最初的疏散时间为260.4秒,在特定的楼梯上发现了关键风险.
- 优化的策略将总疏散时间缩短到245.5秒,显著增加了安全边际,并满足了所有安全要求.
结论:
- 拟议的综合模拟框架在量化火灾风险和优化大规模综合体疏散策略方面是有效的.
- 该研究表明,通过结合火灾和行人建模,疏散效率和人员安全得到了显著改善.
- 这种方法为城市消防安全工程和应急响应计划提供了宝贵的见解.
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