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iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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thalamus-cortex相互作用驱动细胞类型特定的皮质发育在人类多能干细胞衍生组合物中.

Masatoshi Nishimura1, Shota Adachi1, Tomoki Kodera1

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
概括

thalamus通过促进基因表达,电路形成和细胞类型特定的神经活动来引导人类皮质的发育. 这项研究使用了人类甲状腺皮层组合物来揭示这些关键的甲状腺依赖的发育机制.

关键词:
细胞类型 细胞类型人类大脑 人类大脑神经组合体的神经组合体神经电路的神经电路.时间同步同步同步同步

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科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 干细胞生物学 干细胞生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类胚胎大脑是不可访问的,这限制了人们对皮层发育中的乳头皮质相互作用的理解.
  • 对人类皮层电路形成和功能的thalamic影响在很大程度上是未知的.

研究的目的:

  • 为了研究在人体皮质发生过程中依赖 thalamus 的基因表达,电路组织和神经活动.
  • 通过使用人类甲状腺皮层组合物 (hThCA) 建模甲状腺皮层相互作用.

主要方法:

  • 从诱导的多能干干细胞生成人类皮质有机体 (hCOs) 和乳头有机体.
  • 合hCOs和thalamic有机物产生hThCA,使得研究相互连接的研究.
  • 转录,组织学和成像分析以评估皮质发育和神经活动.

主要成果:

  • hThCAs成功地重建了相互的 thalamus-cortex 轴突投射和突触连接.
  • thalamic输入加速皮质成熟,对轴突发育和子板/皮质板认同的基因进行上调.
  • 波形神经活动起源于丘脑,并传播到皮质,诱导hThCA中的细胞类型特定的同步活动.

结论:

  • 扩散性thalamic线索增强了祖先扩张,而远程输入组织了细胞类型特定的同步活动.
  • 泰拉木斯依赖的机制驱动成熟的,细胞类型特定的皮质现象型的获得.
  • hThCA提供了一个模型来研究区域相互作用如何塑造人类皮质发育和电路规格.