识别神经发育障碍的警告标志:一个系统的文献综述
1Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pós-graduação em Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto de Neurodesenvolvimento BoraBrincar, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Jornal de pediatria
|November 17, 2025
概括
早期识别神经发育障碍 (NDD) 儿童的红旗至关重要. 本综述综合了关键的运动,语言,社会和认知信号,以改善早期检测和干预.
科学领域:
- 儿科神经学 儿科神经学
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 神经发育障碍 (NDD) 涵盖了一系列影响发育的疾病.
- 早期识别NDD对于及时干预和改善结果至关重要.
- 识别一致的早期预警信号 (红旗) 对于儿科护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 综合各种NDD的最一致的早期预警信号.
- 识别运动,语言,社会,认知和行为领域的关键指标.
- 为儿童医疗保健提供者提供早期查和诊断协议的信息.
主要方法:
- 从2003年到2025年,主要数据库 (PubMed/Medline,Cochrane图书馆,SciELO,CAPES,BVS) 进行了全面的文献审查.
- 包含的研究的方法质量是使用既有工具 (NOS,CASP,AMSTAR) 来评估的.
- 包括54项研究,综合了NDD早期迹象的数据.
主要成果:
- 关键的运动红旗包括延迟的坐着,行走,抓,以及不对称的运动模式.
- 语言的红旗包括没有喋喋不休,词汇有限,以及在特定的年龄段缺乏两个单词的组合.
- 社会,认知,行为和其他迹象包括不良的社交互动,技能回归,重复性行为和感官/养问题.
- 像M-CHAT-R/F,ASQ,Bayley和HINE这样的选仪器可以提高准确性并减少转诊延迟.
结论:
- 早期识别NDD的警告信号至关重要.
- 建议将红旗识别,补充检查和正式评估纳入常规儿科护理.
- 基于早期发现的及时干预可以显著影响发育轨迹.
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