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Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
291
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
236
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

354
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
354
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Spinal Hernia Repair and Cauda Equina Repositioning After Lumbar Decompression under Three-Dimensional Microscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
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阿尔卡普托努里亚和宫椎间盘:病例报告

Francisco de Assis Ulisses Sampaio Júnior1, Oscar L Alves2, Francisco Ricardo Borges Ribeiro1

  • 1Spine Department, Sirio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.

International journal of spine surgery
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
概括

阿尔卡普顿尿症 (AKU) 由于同质性酸的积累导致了 ochronotic 关节病. 脊柱并发症的手术干预,如椎间盘,可以在晚期病例中提供症状缓解.

关键词:
阿尔卡普托努里亚 (Alkaptonuria) 是一种疾病.这种疾病叫做ochronosis.脊柱关节病 脊柱关节病 脊柱关节病 脊柱关节病

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科学领域:

  • 生物化学 生物化学
  • 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
  • 整形外科手术 整形外科手术

背景情况:

  • 阿尔卡普顿尿症 (AKU) 是一种罕见的自体逆性代谢障碍.
  • 由同质化1,2-二氧化原酶缺乏引起,导致同质化酸的积累.
  • 在连接组织中沉积着同质性酸,导致 ochronotic 关节病.

研究的目的:

  • 增强对AKU中脊柱病理生理学的理解.
  • 探索AKU中脊柱并发症的最佳外科治疗策略.

主要方法:

  • 一个35岁的男性被诊断出患有AKU的案例介绍.
  • 诊断工作包括尿液分析和椎脊椎MRI.
  • 手术干预:C5-C6椎间盘切除和前关节切除.

主要成果:

  • 患者出现了急性C5-C6盘和宫疼痛.
  • 在手术期间观察一种带有色素的光盘.
  • 手术后改善了肘部曲强度.

结论:

  • 目前,AKU还没有确定的治疗方法;尼提西诺显示出潜力,但有副作用.
  • 症状治疗是 ochronotic 关节病的关键.
  • 手术只适用于晚期退行性病例,可以提供缓解.