在中年期间白质的微观结构和宏观结构概况揭示了不同绝经阶段的男性和女性之间的性别差异
Adam C Raikes1, Jonathan P Dyke2, Matilde Nerattini3
1Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA. adamraikes@arizona.edu.
Scientific reports
|November 17, 2025
概括
与男性相比,中年女性表现出明显的白质组织,而绝经期代表了一个独特的神经重组时期. 这些发现可能会为阿尔茨海默氏症提供信息.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 神经成像是一种神经成像.
- 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- 女性一生患阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的风险较高,可能与中年激素变化有关,影响大脑结构和能量代谢.
- 白质的完整性对于有效的神经传递和大脑功能至关重要.
- 中年内分泌过渡,特别是更年期,涉及显著的荷尔蒙变化,可能会影响大脑健康.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究白质微观和宏观结构在中年不同阶段的性别差异.
- 检查更年期阶段如何影响认知正常成年人的白质组织.
- 探索雌激素可用性,白质完整性和阿尔茨海默病风险之间的潜在联系.
主要方法:
- 对137名认知正常,中年成人 (绝经前妇女,绝经前妇女,绝经后妇女和男性) 的横截面扩散加权成像分析.
- 评估白物质的微观结构性质,包括纤维密度,纤维密度-截面 (FDC),分数异构性 (FA) 和平均扩散性.
- 在不同更年期阶段的男性和女性之间比较白质量指标.
主要成果:
- 与男性相比,绝经前和绝经后的女性表现出更密集,更有组织的白质,FDC和FA更高,关键通道的平均扩散率更低.
- 与更年期前和更年期后的女性相比,更年期前妇女在白质组织上表现出较少的差异,在体中较低的FA,趋向于男性类型的模式.
- 这些发现表明,与雌激素可用性相关的白质组织中的更年期阶段依赖性差异.
结论:
- 绝经前期阶段代表了女性大脑神经重组的关键窗口,其特点是暂时转向类似男性的白质组织.
- 了解这些与更年期相关的白质变化对于识别患有阿尔茨海默氏症等神经退行性疾病风险较高的女性至关重要.
- 需要进行长度研究,以确定女性是否在绝经后恢复到绝经前白质谱,这可能会告知AD风险分层.
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