一种以前未被描述的古人类病毒抑制了宿主免疫力
Israela Turgeman-Grott1,2, Noam Golan3, Uri Neri3
1The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. isratur@openu.ac.il.
EMBO reports
|November 17, 2025
概括
长期病毒感染在极端的古物中可以减缓它们的生长. 治愈Haloferax病毒菌株显著提高了其生长速度,揭示了前病毒对宿主基因表达和资源利用的潜在影响.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 极端爱好研究 极端爱好研究
背景情况:
- 极端的古生物可以承受慢性病毒感染,常常被宿主很好地容忍.
- 这些慢性感染可能会对更为恶毒的病原体提供保护.
- 考古系统中的宿主-病原体动态,特别是关于病毒持久性的动态,尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究慢性病毒感染对极端友好性考古物 Haloferax 菌株 48N. 48N. 的影响.
- 确定病毒清除对宿主生长率和基因表达的影响.
- 探索病毒操纵宿主防御系统的机制,包括CRISPR活动.
主要方法:
- 隔离和表征自然感染的Haloferax菌株 (48N) 及其相关的形病毒.
- 对48N菌株进行实验治愈以消除病毒感染.
- 使用转录组学对感染和治愈菌株之间的基因表达特征进行比较分析.
- 测量感染和治愈菌株在最佳温度下的生长速度.
- 在这两种条件下,研究CRISPR间隔器获取效率.
主要成果:
- 发现Haloferax菌株48N长期受到形病毒的感染,这种病毒无法自发清除.
- 治愈病毒导致基因表达的显著改变和生长速度的急剧增加,使得治愈的菌株成为迄今为止报告的增长最快的甲骨文 (在45°C下~107分钟的生成时间).
- 病毒被证明通过抑制转录来颠覆宿主防御,包括CRISPR间隔器获取机制,尽管即使在治愈后,CRISPR活性仍然很低,这表明了额外的调节因素.
结论:
- 慢性病毒感染,即使耐受良好,也会给极端的古生物带来很大的代谢负担,导致生长率下降.
- 在古人类基因组中存在的前病毒可以深刻影响宿主基因表达和资源分配.
- 这些发现表明,前病毒元素可能有助于观察到的缓慢增长在一些性古物种群.
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