早期但不持续地接触一种语言会对大脑中的白质结构产生持久的影响
Elise B Barbeau1,2, Lara Pierce3, Stephanie Deschamps4,3,5
1Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. elise.barbeau@mail.mcgill.ca.
Communications biology
|November 18, 2025
概括
早期的语言接触塑造了大脑结构. 在两岁之前停止说普通话的国际收养者保留了本地普通话说者的大脑特征,与法语说者和双语者不同.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 语言人类学语言人类学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 早期的语言体验显著影响认知发展和大脑组织.
- 语言环境塑造神经结构的精确机制,特别是涉及语言的白质区域,尚未完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查早期语言体验,包括停止第一语言 (L1) 和接触音色与非音色语言,如何影响白质大脑结构.
- 为了区分音色语言暴露与一般双语对大脑组织的影响.
主要方法:
- 扩散权重成像 (DWI) 用于分析白质片段.
- 研究了四组参与者:来自中国的国际收养者 (IA) (早期停止普通话,现在说法语),L1-普通话/早期说法语的人,L1-法语的人,以及英法双语的人.
- 研究人员检查了弓状和上纵状,这些是语言处理的关键区域,检查了结构上的差异.
主要成果:
- 国际收养者,尽管早期停止使用普通话,但显示结构性大脑特征类似于本地普通话说者 (较小的左半球通道体积,更平衡的半球间体积).
- 讲L1-法语的人和英语-法语双语的人表现出可比的白质特征.
- 这些发现区分了与音色语言体验相关的结构组织与与双语相关的结构组织.
结论:
- 早期接触普通话等音色语言可以在白质大脑结构上留下持久的印记,即使在语言停止使用后也是如此.
- 语言区域中的大脑结构组织似乎受到语言特征 (例如,音调) 的特定影响,而不是仅仅由使用的语言数量 (双语).
- 这项研究提供了关于语言学习的神经可塑性及其对大脑发育的长期影响的见解.
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