本科医学教育中的人工智能:一个更新的范围审查
Jennifer Simoni1, Judith Urtubia-Fernandez2, Elisa Mengual3
1Medical Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. jsimoni@unav.es.
BMC medical education
|November 18, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在本科医学教育 (UGME) 中的使用正在迅速增加,影响着各种课程和应用. 然而,为了有效的整合,仍然需要标准化的AI能力和伦理框架.
科学领域:
- 医学教育 医学教育
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 数字健康数字健康
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 的整合,特别是大型语言模型 (LLM),已经显著改变了医学教育.
- 人工智能相关文献的激增需要对人工智能对本科医学教育 (UGME) 影响的最新理解.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,分析人工智能对本科医学教育 (UGME) 的不断变化的影响.
- 在UGME内识别人工智能集成中的当前应用,趋势和差距.
主要方法:
- 按照阿克西和奥马利的框架进行全面的范围审查.
- 文学搜索于2024年4月在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,ERIC,Google Scholar) 进行,使用与UGME和AI相关的关键字.
- 包括2020年1月至2024年4月的出版物,重点是UGME和AI,不包括研究生和继续医学教育.
主要成果:
- 在选3238篇之后,包括了310篇出版物,在UGME中,AI相关研究的数量显著增加.
- 在UGME中的人工智能应用包括自主辅导,自我评估,模拟,评估生成,临床评估和预测分析.
- 没有研究评估人工智能对批判性思维或临床推理的影响;人工智能素养是有需求的,但缺乏标准化的课程和道德框架.
结论:
- 在UGME中采用人工智能正在大幅增加,提供了好处,但也带来了挑战.
- 主要优先事项包括定义人工智能能力,教学方法和为医疗教育中有效实施人工智能的伦理准则.
- 进一步的研究对于评估人工智能对伦理,同理心,批判性思维和临床推理的影响至关重要,除了教师发展和国际合作之外.
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