在19世纪和20世纪初的德国私信中,代名词地址的变化和变化
Markus Schiegg1, Stephan Elspaß2
1University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
概括
德语代名词的使用逐渐发展,而不是突然. 在20世纪,正式的"Sie"仍然是对父母的普遍解决方案,挑战了以前关于地址系统的假设.
科学领域:
- 语言学的语言学.
- 历史社会语言学 历史社会语言学
- 语料库语言学 语料库语言学
背景情况:
- 18世纪在德语中建立了正式的"Sie" (Siezen) 和非正式的"Du" (Duzen) 地址系统.
- 以前的理解表明,从旧的地址形式 (Ihrzen,Erzen) 快速转移到现代的两层系统.
- 之前的研究严重依赖于规范性语法和事证据,缺乏经验性语料库数据.
研究的目的:
- 进行第一个基于语料库的调查,研究德语名词地址形式的变化和变化.
- 用私人信件分析19世纪和20世纪初的地址系统变化.
- 检查在亲子沟通中,从正式地址 (Sie) 过渡到非正式地址 (Du).
主要方法:
- 分析了由788名作家写的2,748封私人信件 (患者和移民信件) 的集体.
- 在书面沟通中使用的代名词地址形式的定量和定性检查.
- 确定影响个人内地址选择变化的因素,包括收件人,上下文和作家的情绪状态.
主要成果:
- 与先前的假设相反,在19世纪末和20世纪初,正式的"Sie"在对付父母时仍然普遍存在.
- 转向现代的两层系统是渐进的,一些非标准品种在整个20世纪都保留了三层系统.
- 男人和经验丰富的作家似乎已经开始向非正式的"Du"转变,当他们向父母说话时.
结论:
- 德语代名词地址的演变是一个细微的,渐进的过程,而不是旧系统的突然崩.
- 个人内地址形式的变化受到社会,情境和心理因素的影响.
- 观察到的代名词地址的变化可以被描述为由个人选择驱动的新兴"隐形手"过程.
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