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通过废水追踪脊髓灰质炎病毒:来自海地的环境监测见解 (2020-2023年)

Hanen Belgasmi-Allen¹, Jamaica Hill², Stacey Jeffries Miles¹

¹Polio and Picornavirus Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Applied and environmental microbiology

|November 18, 2025

概括

海地的环境监测在2020-2023年间检测到脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗菌株,但没有野生或衍生型脊髓灰质炎病毒. 这凸显了需要有效的环境监测 (ES) 来追踪脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播,并支持全球根除努力.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
病毒学病毒学
环境科学环境科学

背景情况:

环境监测 (ES) 对于检测脊髓灰质炎病毒至关重要,尤其是在没有急性软性 (AFP) 病例的情况下.
海地是一个高风险国家,在2016年实施了ES,到2023年扩展到五个城市,以监测脊髓灰质炎病毒的传播.

研究的目的:

评估2020年至2023年海地脊髓灰质炎病毒环境监测的表现.
评估ES在政治不稳定和人道主义危机等挑战中检测脊髓灰质炎病毒菌株的有效性.

主要方法:

每月从海地五个城市的13个城市地点抽取废水样本.
使用度和过溶解 (CaFÉ) 方法处理样品.
在L20B和RD细胞中隔离病毒,然后进行实时RT-PCR检测和类型化.

主要成果:

2020年至2023年间发现了零星的萨宾类型的脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗菌株 (血清型1和3).
在研究期间,没有发现野生脊髓灰质炎病毒 (WPV) 或疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒 (VDPV).
肠道病毒检测率因年份和地点而异,有些人低于最佳的50%目标,导致两个地点的治疗停止.

结论:

在高风险地区,高性能ES对于早期发现小儿麻症病毒和增加AFP监测至关重要.
该研究提供了关于ES在资源有限的环境中的弹性和可持续性的见解.
这些发现支持优化全球ES策略的脊髓灰质炎根除,特别是考虑到最近的VDPV疫情.

关键词:

海地海地是海地的一个国家.肠道病毒病毒.环境监督环境监督环境监督环境监督环境监督消除脊髓灰质炎的行动疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎病毒.野生脊髓灰质炎病毒野生脊髓灰质炎病毒

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