神经发育障碍中的面部情绪识别:在患有或没有自闭症,多动症和特殊学习障碍的儿童和青少年的比较研究
Giulia Crisci1, Rachele Lievore2, Irene C Mammarella3
1Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. giulia.crisci@unipd.it.
Journal of autism and developmental disorders
|November 18, 2025
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童表现出面部情绪识别 (FER) 困难. 特定学习障碍 (SLD) 也影响FER,在不同群体中存在不同的情绪识别挑战.
科学领域:
- 神经科学和心理学 神经科学和心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 面部情绪识别 (FER) 对于社交互动至关重要.
- 费尔的困难与自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD) 有关.
- FER挑战对特定学习障碍 (SLD) 的影响不太清楚,对比研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查和比较面部情绪识别 (FER) 能力在儿童和青少年与自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD),注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和特定学习障碍 (SLD).
- 检查任务类型 (匹配与标记),情感强度 (高与低) 和情感类型如何影响这些临床组的FER表现.
- 确定临床人群中FER的基线,并确定特定的缺陷.
主要方法:
- 540名儿童和青少年 (816岁) 的队列参与了这项研究,包括ASD (N=80),ADHD (N=80),SLD (N=80) 的小组和对照组 (CG;N=300).
- 参与者根据年龄,性别和智力系数进行了匹配.
- 采用FER任务,其任务类型 (匹配/标签),情绪强度 (高/低) 和情绪类型 (愤怒,厌恶,恐惧,幸福,悲伤,惊喜) 不同.
主要成果:
- 在ASD和ADHD组中观察到显著的FER困难,特别是在匹配任务中.
- 与对照组相比,标签任务在所有临床组中揭示了更广泛的挑战.
- 具体的模式出现了:ADHD组与大多数情绪作斗争,ASD组对惊喜和厌恶有问题 (但很好地认识到愤怒),SLD组对厌恶表现出缺陷. 在所有组中,高强度的情绪比低强度的情绪更好地被识别.
结论:
- 研究结果强调了ASD和ADHD中显著的FER障碍,不同情绪和任务具有不同的特征.
- 患有SLD的个体也表现出FER挑战,特别是在识别厌恶时.
- 在临床人群中评估情绪功能需要仔细考虑任务需求,情绪强度,情绪类型和个体发展概况.
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