在水力发电开发下,公河沿泰国边境的长期沉积物下降
Jeerapong Laonamsai1, Khomkrish Innanchai2, Mengzhen Xu3
1Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Disaster and Risk Management Information System, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand.
The Science of the total environment
|November 18, 2025
概括
水力发电大在1990年后大幅减少了公河的沉积物负载,高达75%,削弱了沉积物流动的联系,并影响了公河三角洲. 综合管理对于可持续的河流流域健康至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 水文学的水文学
- 河流流域管理 河流流域管理
背景情况:
- 公河是东南亚的一个重要的沉积物丰富的河流,对区域生态系统和生计至关重要.
- 近几十年来,人们观察到沉积物运输和排放模式发生了变化,这引发了人们对河流健康和下游影响的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 从1962年到2022年,调查公河悬浮沉积物负载和下水的长期趋势.
- 确定沉积物运输观察到的变化的主要驱动因素,重点关注上游水电大的作用.
- 评估沉积物动态变化的下游影响,特别是对公河三角洲.
主要方法:
- 使用累积沉积物负载曲线,曼-肯德尔趋势测试,Z分数正常化和沉积物-排放相关性分析.
- 分析了沿河五个战略监测站的数据.
- 检查了季节性变化和与水电大运行时间表相关的沉积物流异常.
主要成果:
- 观察到沉积物负载的明显下降 (从1990年以后高达75%),与稳定或略有增加的流水脱.
- 上游水电大被确定为沉积物保留的主要因素,由累积沉积物曲线的平坦化和沉积物流动相关性减弱证明.
- 季节性沉积物峰值被抑制,沉积物流量的急剧下降与大型水运营相吻合.
结论:
- 人类活动,主要是水力发电开发,已经严重破坏了公河的沉积物-水连接.
- 公河三角洲的沉积物饥荒加剧了沿海侵蚀,土地沉降,并降低了农业生产率.
- 综合,跨境沉积物管理战略,包括适应式水库运营和政策协调,对于可持续的河流流域管理至关重要.
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