由于拟议的反向俯冲视觉错觉,飞行过程中发生空间失方向事件
Aerospace medicine and human performance
|November 18, 2025
概括
一个拟议的"反向"幻觉可能会解释一个几乎致命的军事航空事故. 飞行员必须识别视觉错觉,以防止空间偏差和减少飞行风险.
科学领域:
- 航空安全航空安全.
- 航空中的人类因素
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
背景情况:
- 空间失调是致命的军事航空事故的一个重要因素,通常源于视觉和前体系统的误解.
- 尽管占致命事故的20-38%,但在飞行过程中特定的空间失方向幻觉的记录实例并不常见.
研究的目的:
- 分析了一起涉及F-15I战斗机和空中加油油轮的近乎碰撞事件.
- 提出和描述一种新的视觉错觉,称为"反向"错觉,作为事件的原因.
- 突出了解视觉错觉对于提高航空安全的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对现实世界飞行场景的分析,其中一架F-15I战斗机几乎与一架油轮飞机相撞.
- 在关键阶段检查战斗机飞行员的行动和头顶显示器 (HUD) 的信息.
- 飞行员行为与视觉线索和拟议的幻觉机制的相关性.
主要成果:
- 战斗机机组人员未能识别他们正在加速和爬向油轮,尽管HUD信息.
- 在HUD上的Target Designator框似乎随着飞机距离的缩小而上升,促使本能纠正升.
- 在采取回避行动之前,两架飞机彼此相距49英尺.
结论:
- 这项研究提出了一个"反向俯冲"的幻觉,在这种幻觉中,飞行员试图在HUD上保持一个固定的目标,导致无意的升.
- 这种幻觉与众所周知的"潜水幻觉"不同,是由于战斗机机组人员没有意识到他们接近的结果.
- 了解飞行期间这种幻觉的发展对于减轻未来的航空风险至关重要.
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