工作场所暴力预测护士的抑郁和焦虑:中国的一项多中心纵向研究
Zheng Zhang1,2, Huijie Xu2, Jiaxin Yang3,2,4,5
1School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
BMC psychiatry
|November 19, 2025
概括
工作场所暴力 (WPV) 显著增加了护士.
科学领域:
- 护理 护理 护理
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 心理学 心理学 心理学
背景情况:
- 工作场所暴力 (WPV) 对护士的心理健康构成重大且日益严重的威胁.
- 高需求的医疗保健系统加剧了WPV的心理影响.
- 关于WPV对护士的长期心理影响的纵向研究有限.
研究的目的:
- 调查工作场所暴力 (WPV) 与心理困扰,特别是抑郁和焦虑症状之间的纵向关联,在大量护士队列中.
- 探索潜在的症状路径,并识别受WPV影响的关键心理节点.
- 研究护士人口统计和工作环境等因素如何影响WPV与心理健康结果之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项前性队列研究,利用来自63,295名护士的中国护士心理健康研究 (NMHS) 的数据.
- 统计分析包括考克斯回归模型和倾向性得分匹配,以评估WPV对抑郁和焦虑的影响.
- 在工作需求-资源 (JDR) 模型框架内,采用交叉滞后面板网络分析 (CLPN) 来检查时间症状动态.
主要成果:
- 工作场所暴力 (WPV) 与抑郁症 (HR=1.38) 和焦虑症 (HR=1.31) 的风险增加有显著联系.
- 在WPV频率/类型和症状严重程度之间观察到剂量反应关系.
- 交叉滞后面板网络分析 (CLPN) 揭示了情绪虐待和诸如易怒和疲劳之类的症状之间的双向关系,抑郁和焦虑通过诸如无价值感和预期恐惧之类的核心症状联系在一起. 关联在男性,老年,不太高级护士和高压部门的护士中更强烈.
结论:
- 工作场所暴力 (WPV) 给护士们带来了不同的心理负担和特定症状的风险.
- 调查结果强调了针对性,理论驱动的干预措施的必要性,以减轻与暴力有关的痛苦和心理疲劳.
- 提高医疗保健系统的弹性需要解决WPV作为一个关键的职业危险.
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