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多种生态型的广泛传播在东非挑战了内脏莱什曼病的控制

Eva Iniguez¹, Mercy Tuluso², Steve Kiplagat³

¹Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

|November 19, 2025

概括

内脏莱什曼病 (VL) 正在东非迅速蔓延. 这项研究揭示了和人类的高感染率,强调了基于本地传播模式的有针对性的消除策略的必要性.

科学领域:

医学昆虫学医学昆虫学
热带医学热带医学
寄生虫学的寄生虫学

背景情况:

东非是内脏莱什曼病 (VL) 的全球热点.
关于该地区的VL生态流行病学,存在重大知识差距.
了解载体-宿主相互作用对于VL控制至关重要.

研究的目的:

在东非的沙媒介和人类群体中调查莱什曼尼亚感染的流行率和生态流行病学.
为了比较关键的沙载体Phlebotomus orientalis和Phlebotomus martini的生态和食偏好.
评估与肯尼亚和苏丹的VL传播相关的风险因素.

主要方法:

肯尼亚,苏丹和埃塞俄比亚的沙野外收藏.
在沙载体中分子检测Leishmania感染.
在人群中对莱什马尼亚抗体 (rK39) 进行血清检测.
分析沙的息地偏好和养行为.

主要成果:

在肯尼亚 (3.9%) 和苏丹 (3.6%) 的Phlebotomus orientalis中,Leishmania感染的高患病率.
在埃塞俄比亚,Phlebotomus martini的感染率较低 (1.5%).
在P. orientalis (家庭周围,野外,人类食) 和P. martini (白山,动物食) 之间观察到不同的息地和食偏好.
在肯尼亚 (17.9%) 和苏丹 (6.22%) 的人类中高rK39血清流行率.
靠近VL病例显著增加了人类感染的风险.

结论:

在研究的东非地区,Leishmania传播很普遍.
载体行为和息地显著影响VL传输动态.
基于风险的,特定地点的消除策略对于有效的VL控制在东非至关重要.

关键词:

东非东非非洲东非感染了莱什马尼亚的沙.沙生态学沙生态学 rK39 血清存在率血清存在率有关内脏的莱什曼病.

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