对前证据的系统审查,将非酒精发酵食品的消费与较低的死亡风险联系起来
Diana Paveljšek1, Eugenia Pertziger2,3, Anthony Fardet4
1University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Frontiers in nutrition
|November 19, 2025
概括
消费酸奶和纳托等发酵食品可能会适度降低死亡风险. 然而,目前的证据对于健康主张是不够的,需要进一步的研究,特别是随机对照试验.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
背景情况:
- 发酵食品在全球范围内被消费,并研究其对健康的益处.
- 发酵食品摄入量与长期死亡风险之间的关联尚未得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查发酵食品消费与全因,心血管和癌症死亡率之间的关联.
- 根据欧洲食品安全局 (EFSA) 框架评估证据的强度.
主要方法:
- 对52项前性队列研究 (1970-2025) 的系统审查.
- 使用纽卡斯尔-太华规模评估的偏差风险.
- 证据强度是根据研究质量,样本大小和精度进行评估的.
主要成果:
- 发酵牛奶,巧克力和大豆 (natto) 显示出与所有原因和心血管死亡率的适度反向关联.
- 奶酪在死亡率方面显示出不同的结果,而发酵蔬菜则表明了潜在的益处.
- 对癌症死亡率的证据较弱,对于酸奶和发酵牛奶有一些保护性趋势.
结论:
- 习惯性食用某些发酵食品可能与适度的死亡风险降低有关.
- 目前的证据对于EFSA批准的健康声明是不够的.
- 需要随机对照试验和对中间结果的研究来确定因果关系.
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