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相关概念视频

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction01:24

Generalization, Discrimination, and Extinction

1.3K
Generalization, discrimination, and extinction are key concepts in operant conditioning that influence how behaviors are learned and maintained.
Generalization occurs when a behavior reinforced in one context is performed in similar situations. For instance, a student who studies diligently for calculus and receives excellent grades might apply the same study habits to psychology and history, expecting similar results. Generalization shows how learning in one setting can influence behavior in...
1.3K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

696
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
696
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

732
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
732
Language Development01:22

Language Development

810
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
810
Language01:16

Language

864
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
864
Probability Distributions01:32

Probability Distributions

11.6K
 The probability of a random variable x  is the likelihood of its occurrence. A probability distribution represents the probabilities of a random variable using a formula, graph, or table. There are two types of probability distribution– discrete probability distribution and continuous probability distribution.
A discrete probability distribution is a probability distribution of discrete random variables. It can be categorized into binomial probability distribution and Poisson...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

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语言规则通用化创造了相同的分配结构,为它提供了食物.

Elizabeth Pankratz1, Jennifer Culbertson2, Simon Kirby2

  • 1Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.

Open mind : discoveries in cognitive science
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
概括

成年学习者通过偏爱具有较低频率干的后来概括语言规则. 这种低频偏好推动了规则的概括,创造了支持学习过程的新项目.

科学领域:

  • 认知科学 认知科学
  • 语言学的语言学.
  • 计算语言学 计算语言学

背景情况:

  • 语言的表达力来自于对新项目应用规则.
  • 语言规则在它们的概括性上有所不同.
  • 频率分布影响规则的一般化.

研究的目的:

  • 研究频率分布属性如何影响语言规则概括.
  • 确定影响概括行为的特定属性.
  • 模型学习者的概括策略.

主要方法:

  • 人工语言学习实验与成年参与者.
  • 基于输入频率分布的后概括的分析.
  • 测试一般化解释的模型模拟.
  • 贝叶斯推论对学习者行为的建模.

主要成果:

  • 学习者表现出可能匹配的行为.
  • 观察到与较低频率干相关的后有显著的偏好.
  • 专注于类型计数或斜率的传统解释未能预测行为.
  • 低频偏好准确地预测了参与者的概括模式.
关键词:
贝叶斯的推理是贝叶斯的推理.人工语言学习是人工语言学习.频率分布的频率分布.规则的一般化规则的一般化.一个模型的器.

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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning
05:33

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effect of Induced Emotion on Grammar Learning

Published on: January 29, 2020

6.4K
The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The Spatial Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

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结论:

  • 语言规则概括受到偏好低频干的影响.
  • 这种偏好,而不仅仅是类型数量或斜率,驱动了概括.
  • 规则通用化是一个自给自足的过程,它反到语言的分布结构中.