弥合差距:用于自闭症诊断和家长支持的可解释AI与TabPFNMix和SHAP
1Anhui Vocational College of Press and Publishing, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China. jiangshimei75@163.com.
Scientific reports
|November 19, 2025
概括
本研究介绍了一个使用TabPFNMix和可解释AI (XAI) 的AI框架,以改善自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 诊断. 这种新的方法提高了准确性,并为医疗专业人员提供了可解释的见解.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
背景情况:
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 是一种复杂的神经发育状况,其原因不明,诊断具有挑战性.
- 早期和准确的ASD诊断对于有效的干预和改善发育结果至关重要.
- 目前的诊断方法面临挑战,因为ASD的表现变化不定,并与其他疾病重叠.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种新型的人工智能 (AI) 和可解释AI (XAI) 框架,以提高ASD诊断.
- 为医疗专业人员和护理人员提供对ASD诊断的可解释的见解.
- 利用先进的机器学习模型,提高ASD查的准确性和稳定性.
主要方法:
- 使用TabPFNMix回归器,这是一个针对结构化医疗数据优化的高级分类模型.
- 集成的沙普利增材解释 (SHAP) 为人工智能驱动的诊断提供透明和可解释的推理.
- 在一个基准数据集上进行了广泛的实验,将性能与随机森林,XGBoost,SVM和DNN模型进行比较.
主要成果:
- TabPFNMix框架获得了最高的准确性 (91.5%),XGBoost的表现优于4.2个百分点.
- 在关键指标上表现卓越:回忆 (92.7%),精度 (90.2%),F1得分 (91.4%) 和AUC-ROC (94.3%).
- SHAP分析确定了社会反应能力,重复行为和父母年龄是影响自闭症诊断的关键因素.
结论:
- 拟议的AI和XAI框架显著提高了ASD诊断的准确性,并提供了有价值的临床见解.
- 与传统的机器学习模型相比,TabPFNMix在ASD检测方面表现优越.
- 该框架的可解释性支持临床决策,并增强护理人员的理解.
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