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来自野生鸟类的禽流感A (H11) 病毒的流行病学,演变和生物特征

Zhiguo Zhao¹, Jingman Tian¹, Xiaoli Bai¹

¹State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.

|November 19, 2025

概括

野生鸟类中的禽流感H11病毒显示出与人类受体结合和哺乳动物毒性有关的突变. 加强监测至关重要,因为这些不断变化的流感菌株可能会对公众健康造成风险.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
流行病学流行病学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

H11亚型禽流感病毒 (AIVs) 在野生和家禽中发现.
来自野生鸟类的H11N9病毒为2013年中国人类H7N9疫情做出了贡献.
H11病毒分布在全球,其中很大一部分来自野生类.

研究的目的:

在2022年12月至2024年1月期间,从中国野生鸟类中分离出来的H11 AIV的特征.
分析H11病毒的全球分布,家族遗传关系和重组潜力.
为了确定与增强的哺乳动物适应性和H11分离物中的毒性相关的遗传突变.

主要方法:

从野生鸟类中分离和识别H11 AIV.
血凝素 (HA) 基因的遗传学分析.
贝叶斯族的植物地理分析,以确定地理传播中心.
基因组重组分析与其他流通的AIV亚型.
鉴定与受体结合和哺乳动物毒性相关的突变.

主要成果:

17种H11病毒 (H11N1,H11N2,H11N3,H11N9) 从中国的野生鸟类中分离出来.
H11病毒存在于七大洲,主要存在于野生类动物中.
隔离物属于欧亚血统,孟加拉国被确定为一个关键的传播枢纽.
复杂的重组事件导致了七种不同的基因型,包括与H5N1的相互作用.
在HA,PB1,PB1-F2,M1和NS1基因中获得突变,增强人类类型受体结合和哺乳动物毒性.
七种代表性病毒显示双受体结合和直接的小鼠感染性没有适应.

结论:

野生鸟类中的H11 AIV具有遗传特征,增加了它们对哺乳动物适应和毒性的潜力.
复杂的基因组多样性和H11病毒的重组构成了严重的公共卫生风险.
加强野生鸟群中H11 AIV的常规监测对于早期检测和预防潜在的疫情至关重要.

关键词:

禽流感病毒是禽流感病毒的一种病毒.H11 亚型 H11 亚型 H11 亚型病原性病原性病原性人类的基因组学.受体结合特异性的受体结合特异性野生鸟类野生鸟类

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